R J A Wilson

Director, Centre for the Study of Ancient Sicily
Education

BA in Literae Humaniores (Oxford) 1971
MA (Oxford) 1974
MA (Dublin) 1974
DPhil. (Oxford) 1977


About

Career

1974–94 Trinity College Dublin (Junior Lecturer in Classics, Louis Claude Purser Lecturer in Classical Archaeology; Louis Claude Purser Associate Professor of Classical Archaeology)
1994–2005 Professor of Archaeology, University of Nottingham
2006–2014 Professor of the Archaeology of the Roman Empire, University of British Columbia
2008–   Director, Centre for the Study of Ancient Sicily


Teaching


Research

Research Interests

  • The archaeology of Roman and early Byzantine Sicily
  • The archaeology and history of the Western Greeks
  • Roman north Africa
  • The Roman Empire in the West, including Britain
  • Roman art and architecture

Projects

Books

A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, 5th edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

The Triskeles, Ancient Symbol of Sicily, Oxford: Archaeopress

Punta Secca. Life and Death in a Village Settlement in Early Byzantine Sicily (Bulletin Antieke Beschaving, Supplement), Leuven: Peeters

Book chapters and journal articles in press

‘Philippianus e la sua tenuta rurale nella Sicilia tardoromana: scavi recenti a Gerace presso Enna’, in M. T. Grasso (ed.), Paesaggi rurali nella Sicilia greca e romana. Insediamenti, installazioni produttive e viabilità ai margini della Piana di Catania dall’età arcaica agli albori del Medioevo, 13–14 Novembre 2020, Catania, due 2024

‘La Sicilia tra il 44 a.C. e il 68 d.C: alcuni pensieri trent’anni dopo Sicily under The Roman Empire’, in L. Calì, L. Campagna and E. C. Portale (eds.), La Sicilia fra le guerre civili e l’epoca giulio-claudia, Rome: Quasar, forthcoming

Praedia Philippianorum, una tenuta rurale nella Sicilia tardoromana a Gerace presso Enna’, Sicilia Antiqua 21 (2024)

‘L’età della transizione: la fine della villa di Gerace (EN) e la successiva frequentazione del sito durante l’età bizantina’, in M. Cavalieri, C. Sfameni and A. Castrorao Barba (eds.), La villa dopo la villa 3. Trasformazione di un sistema insediativo ed economico nell’Italia meridionale e nelle isole maggiori tra Tarda Antichità e Medioevo, Louvain: Presses Universitaires de Louvain, due summer 2024

Current field projects

(1)  The Campanaio and Castagna project

Campanaio and Castagna are two archaeological sites, 1 km apart, about 25 km west of Agrigento in Sicily. Both were discovered by me during field survey research and partly excavated by teams directed by myself. Castagna was an isolated farmhouse (with 15 rooms, all with earth floors) of early imperial date (c. AD 50), with hellenistic occupation below. It was twice altered and enlarged before its collapse c. 180/200. Despite its humble form, there were some high-status finds, including lead-glazed ware from Tarsus in Cilicia and a mould-blown glass beaker with a Greek inscription (“Rejoice! Enjoy yourself!”), probably also from the eastern Mediterranean. Animal bones were mostly sheep/goats, but also present were tortoise, hare, and deer (red, roe, and considerable quantities of fallow deer). A pit was dug in one of the ruined buildings in the fourth century. Campanaio was a small agricultural village of late hellenistic date (second/first centuries BC), with two kilns of that date producing roof tiles. It was occupied into the early imperial period, when a large cess-pit indicates a possible tanning industry. After a period of abandonment, there was renewed activity in the late fourth century (c. 375 AD), when new storehouses were erected, as well as a domestic building further north. The structures had stone foundations and pisé (rammed earth) superstructures, a technique that lasted in Sicily from archaic Greek times down into late antiquity. Also to the late Roman period belongs a stone vat for storing olive oil, and dolia (huge storage vessels) indicating the production of wine. What is likely to have been an amphora kiln, reused in its final phase for the production of lime, was also active in the fourth and fifth centuries. Distorted wasters show that amphorae of the small flat-bottomed Keay 52 type, probably for wine, as well as tiles and mortaria (mixing bowls for the preparation of food), were all manufactured in this kiln. Carbonized deposits yielded grapes, lentils, and two varieties of wheat. Deer bones (red, roe, and fallow) came second only to sheep/goats in fifth-century deposits, a reminder that Sicily was far more afforested in antiquity than it is today, and that venison (as at Castagna) was not only the privilege of the rich.

Occupation came to a violent end in a disastrous fire c. AD 460, possibly a consequence of a raid by Vandals based in north Africa (known from ancient sources to have harried southern Sicily at this time); some material of later fifth- and sixth-century date shows, however, that there was limited activity on the site even after this. Three male bodies buried according to the Muslim rite were later laid in the ruins. The excavations have been the subject of several detailed preliminary papers, but the hoped-for pottery reports on the hellenistic coarse wares and amphorae, and on the whole of the important late Roman assemblages, have not materialized, preventing final publication. All these finds are now being studied afresh for publication by Dr Fabrizio Ducati, who currently holds a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (2024–2026), and who is spending twelve months working on this project at UBC between April 2024 and March 2025.

(2) The Gerace projectprovince of Enna, Sicily, is investigating the site of a Roman villa in the heart of Sicily, situated in fertile agricultural land with an extensive panorama. It was discovered by accident in 1994 when a torrent burst its banks and cut through one corner of an ancient structure, exposing a mosaic. Subsequent limited excavation discovered the ground plan on the surface of a small structure with five rooms and an irregular L-shaped corridor. Trial trenching descending to floor level suggested that there were geometric mosaic pavements in a corridor and in an apsed room. This building was further partially investigated in 2007, but has not been completely excavated.

In May 2012 UBC conducted its own first investigations at Gerace, involving a team from the British School at Rome, which conducted geophysical survey over a wide area of the 3-ha site. This identified a 50-m long building to the east of the structure with mosaics, as well as several outbuildings and the location of five kilns. The aims of the Gerace project, for which funding for five years was obtained from SSHRC in April 2013, and a further three years in a renewed grant in 2018, are therefore:

(a) to excavate sample areas of the Roman structures more extensively;

(b) to establish the chronology and building phases of the site, to determine the date of both the original construction of the villa and its destruction, and to assess the nature of any post-Roman occupation;

(c) to assess the function of the various buildings at the site (residential or agricultural?), and to monitor any changes over time;

(d) to recover ceramic remains (pottery, lamps, amphorae, tile) with a view to understanding both local ceramic circulation in the Roman period, and to evaluate the extent of imported ceramics, so as to understand better Gerace’s trading links with other parts of Sicily and of the Mediterranean;

(e) to recover faunal and carbonized seed remains in order to establish the range of plants grown and animals raised (or at any rate consumed) by the inhabitants of Gerace.

From mid-May to mid-June 2013 the first season of excavation was conducted at Gerace with the help of 13 students from UBC. Two rooms in the ‘villa-like building’ were excavated, and proved to be service rooms, one with a bench and a stone ‘workstation’ (to waist height) as well as an earth floor (perhaps a kitchen), and the other with white plaster on the walls and a white mortar floor. The building, for which a late second century date had been proposed by one previous excavator, and an early fourth century date by another, was dated to not earlier than AD 360 on the basis of African red slip pottery which formed part of the white mortar floor in the latter. Part of the mosaic-paved corridor outside these rooms was also investigated, and the edge of what was clearly the hot pool of a small bath-suite, with white mortar floor still in situ and its hypocaust stoke-hole preserved, was also discovered. The building was destroyed by fire: pottery and two intact African red slip lamps of the second half of the fifth century show that this occurred not earlier than c. AD 450.

Adjacent to this structure, the 50m-building first identified by geophysics proved to have an intact stone paved floor but very few finds; there is evidence to think that it might not have quite been completed when it suddenly collapsed, probably in an earthquake. It clearly predates the bath-suite and its stoke hole which demolished part of the long building’s west wall in order to provide room to fire the hypocaust. Pottery in the make-up for the long building’s floor suggest that it is not earlier than the second quarter of the fourth century (and part of an earlier building was identified beneath); it may have been under construction in AD 361/3 when it was flattened by an earthquake which Libanius reports as having destroyed most of the cities of Sicily at that time. The building’s function is enigmatic; although it might just possibly have been used as stables, it is more likely to have been a large estate granary.

The finds included 99 tile stamps using 10 different dies, with some tiles receiving as many as three stamps. All seem to have been part of a single production, by a landowner called Philippianus whose name recurs on many of them, and were made for the roof of the villa built after c. AD 370. That he might have raised prize racehorses at Gerace is suggested by some of the stamps which feature horses with head plumes, associated also with victory crowns and palm branches. Vegetius and others report that Sicilian circus ponies were highly rated in the Roman world, and Philippianus might have been raising them in this well-watered central area of Sicily in late Roman times. Indeed horses are still kept on the Gerace estate to this day. There is a unusually marked presence of horse bones in the ancient faunal assemblages, including foals and even an equine milk tooth, suggesting that there was a stud at the estate. A bath-house, excavated between 2016 and 2019, has produced an intact mosaic in its frigidarium which has an inscription on all four sides (uniquely so in the entire Roman Empire). From this we learn the name of the estate (the praedia Philippianorum) and that there had been either ‘joy for’ or ‘joy at’ the Capitolini (Capitolinis gaudium). This is either a reference to a new family (intermarrying with the Philippiani?) or else a reference to the Capitoline contests in Rome (the certamina Capitolina), instituted by Domitian in AD 86 and still going strong in the late fourth century. If the latter is the correct interpretation is correct, it implies that Philippianus trained horses at Gerace and entered them for chariot races at these Greek-style games, sometime in the second half of the fourth century AD, and won there.

The results of the excavation have been so far published in a series of annual reports in the journal Mouseion (2015 and 2017–2021) and in parallel, in Italian, in Sicilia Antiqua (2015 and 2018) and more recently in Cronache di Archeologia (2019–2022). An additional paper, on the tile-stamps found in 2013, was published in Journal of Roman Archaeology 27 (2014), and the bath-house was studied in American Journal of Archaeology for 2020. A summary of all six years of excavation can be found in C. Prescott et al., eds., Trinacria. ‘An Island outside Time’. International Archaeology in Sicily, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2021, in Sicilia Antiqua 2024 (forthcoming), and elsewhere. The discovery of whipworm eggs in a deposit inside one vessel, so proving its use as a chamber pot, was published in Journal of Archaeological Science Reports in 2022.

No excavation was able to take place in 2014 but it continued in five annual seasons from 2015 to 2019. Brief summaries of each of these can be found at the following:

2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019

A short study season took place in 2022, when a further campaign of geophysical research was conducted, which found a further set of kilns to the west of the main site.

(3) The Kaukana project, province of Ragusa, Sicily, also funded by SSHRC, was designed to investigate the chronology, character, development and commercial contacts of a late Roman and Byzantine coastal village, and to place it in its wider socio-economic context within late Roman and early Byzantine Sicily and the wider Mediterranean world. This project, in close collaboration with the Soprintendenza per i Beni Culturali Ambientali di Ragusa, was set up in 2008. Three seasons of excavation took place between 2008 and 2010. Reports have been issued in Journal of Roman Archaeology in 2009, in Minerva and Current World Archaeology in 2010, in American Journal of Archaeology in 2011, in International Journal of Osteoarchaeology [with C. Sulosky Weaver] in 2012, in Mouseion (volume 10.2 dated 2010) and in Phoenix in 2013, and in Sicilia Antiqua and in Mediterranean Archaeology (volume 25, dated 2012) [the latter with J. Ramsay] in 2014. Also published in 2014 was a contribution on Kaukana to a conference proceedings (P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica, Bari). A paper on an unusual object from the excavations, a thimble, was published in Oxford Journal of Archaeology in November 2016. Translations into Italian of the last paper and of that in Phoenix were published in Sicily in 2017. Short papers for the general public about the project were published in Perth, Western Australia, in 2015, and in the British journal Antiquus in 2020. The results of the excavation were presented as the XIth Byvanck Lecture, delivered in Leiden at the National Museum of Antiquities on 28th November 2017. The text of that, with illustrations, was published in a printed version to coincide with the lecture; it is also available online here (press ‘download booklet’ in this document).

A post-excavation season was conducted in 2012, and the final volume, with reports from a dozen specialist contributors (some still pending) is in preparation. It is hoped that this volume will be published by Peeters in Leuven as a BABesch Supplement.


Publications

Books

A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, London: Constable, 1st edition 1974, pp. xii + 365; 2nd ed. 1980, pp. xvi + 416; 3rd ed. 1988, pp. xvi + 453; 4th ed. 2002, pp. xx + 732

Roman Forts: an illustrated introduction to the garrison posts of Roman Britain, London: Bergstom and Boyle 1980, pp. 96

Piazza Armerina [Archaeological Sites series] London and Austin, TX: Granada Publications and University of Texas Press 1983, pp. 124

Sicily under the Roman Empire: the archaeology of a Roman province, 36 B.C. – A.D. 535, Warminster: Aris and Phillips 1990, pp. x + 452

Caddeddi on the Tellaro. A late Roman villa in Sicily and its mosaics [Bulletin Antieke Beschaving Supplement 28], Leuven, Paris and Bristol, CT: Peeters 2016, pp. viii + 200

Editor, From River Trent to Raqqa: Nottingham University archaeological fieldwork in Britain, Europe and the Middle East 1991-1995, Nottingham: Department of Archaeology, University of Nottingham 1996, pp. 104

Editor, Roman Maryport and its setting: essays in memory of Michael G. Jarrett, Maryport: Trustees of the Senhouse Museum 1997, pp. 168

Editor (with J. D. Creighton), Roman Germany: studies in cultural interaction (JRA supplementary series 32), Portsmouth RI: Journal of Roman Archaeology 1999, pp. 248

Editor (with I. D. Caruana), Romans on the Solway: essays in honour of Richard Bellhouse, Kendal: Trustees of the Senhouse Museum 2004, pp. 232

Editor, Romanitas. Essays on Roman archaeology in honour of Sheppard Frere on the occasion of his ninetieth birthday, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006, pp. xxx + 232

Complete List of Published Work

1975

1. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, London: Constable 1975, pp. xii + 365 (with a foreword by Professor J. M. C. Toynbee)

1976

2. Review of M. I. Finley and H. W. Pleket, The Olympic Games: the first thousand years (1976), in Hermathena 120 (1976), 78–80

3. Review of M. Grant, The Fall of the Roman Empire – a reappraisal (1976), in Hermathena 120 (1976), 86–88

1977

4. ‘Interventi’ at the Fourth Congresso Internazionale di Studi sulla Sicilia Antica, in Kokalos 22–23 (1976–1977), 585–586 and 694–696

5. Review of J. Liversidge, Everyday Life in the Roman Empire (1976), in Antiquity 51 (1977), 247–248

1979

6. ‘Brick and tile in Roman Sicily’, in A. McWhirr (ed.), Roman Brick and Tile, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports 1979, 11–43

7. Contributions on Roman Britain to The Past all around us, London: Reader’s Digest 1979, 12–13, 42–43, 76, 94–95, 100, 152–153, 234, 250–251 and 404–405, and entries in the gazeteer on all Romano–British sites

1980

8. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, 2nd. edition, London: Constable 1980, pp. xvi + 416

9. Roman Forts: an illustrated introduction to the garrison posts of Roman Britain,  London: Bergstom and Boyle 1980, pp. 96

10. ‘On the date of the Roman amphitheatre at Syracuse’, in Miscellanea di studi classici in onore di Eugenio Manni, Rome: Giorgio Bretschneider 1980, 2217–2230

11. ‘Field Survey at Heraclea Minoa (Agrigento), Sicily’, Journal of Field Archaeology 7 (1980), 219–239 (with A. Leonard Jr.)

12. Review article on Roman Spain, of J. M. Blazquez, Ciclos y temas de la Historia de Espana: la Romanizacion (1974); id., Historia Social y Economica de la Espana Romana. Siglos III–V (1975); id., ‘Ciudedas Hispanas de la epoca de Augusto’ (1976); id., Economia de la Hispania Romana (1978); id., Diccionario de las Religiones Preromanas de Hispania (1975); id., Imagen y Mito (1977), in Hermathena 128 (1980), 57–63

1981

13. ‘Heraclea Minoa and its hinterland in classical antiquity’, in G. Barker and R. Hodges (eds.), Archaeology and Italian Society: Papers in Italian Archaeology II, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports 1981, 249–260

14. ‘Mosaics, mosaicists and patrons’, Journal of Roman Studies 71 (1981), 173–177

15. ‘Sardinia and Sicily during the Roman Empire: aspects of the archaeological evidence’, Kokalos 26–27 (1980–1981), 219–242

16. ‘Eraclea Minoa. Ricerche nel territorio’, ibid. 656–667

1982

17. ‘Roman mosaics in Sicily: the African connection’, American Journal of Archaeology 86 (1982), 413–428

18. ‘Una villa romana a Montallegro (Agrigento)’, Sicilia Archeologica xv, 48 (1982), 7–20

19. ‘Archaeology in Sicily, 1977–81’, Archaeological Reports 28 (1981–1982), 84–105

20. ‘Mosaic conservation: Piazza Armerina’, Mosaic 6 (1982), 18–19

1983

21. Piazza Armerina (Archaeological Sites series), London: Granada Publications, and and Austin, TX: University of Texas Press 1983, pp. 124

22. ‘Luxury retreat, fourth-century style: a millionaire aristocrat in late Roman Sicily’, Opus 2 (1983), 537–552

23. Review of G. Rickman, The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome (1980), in Hermathena 134 (1983), 85–89

1984

24. Review of A. Griffin, Sikyon (1982), in Hermathena 137 (1984), 53–56

1985

25. ‘Changes in the pattern of urban settlement in Roman, Byzantine and Arab Sicily’, in C. Malone and S. Stoddart (eds.), Papers in Italian Archaeology IV.i, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports 1985, 313–344

26. ‘Un insediamento agricolo romano a Castagna (comune di Cattolica Eraclea, AG)’, Sicilia Archeologica xviii, 57–58 (1985), 11–35

27. ‘Roman Britain’, ‘Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall’, ‘Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum)’, ‘Corsica and Sardinia’ and ‘Roman Sicily’, in R. J. A. Talbert (ed.), Atlas of Classical History, London: Croom Helm 1985, 130–135 and 146–149

28. Review of E. Manni, Geografia fisica e politica della Sicilia antica (1981), in Journal of Roman Studies 75 (1985), 296–299

29. Review of D. von Boeselager, Antike Mosaiken in Sizilien (1983), in Journal of Roman Studies 75 (1985), 299–301

1986

30. ‘Roman art and architecture’, in J. Boardman, J. Griffin and O. Murray (eds.), The Oxford History of the Classical World, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1986, 771–806

31. Review of R. Meiggs, Trees and Timber in the ancient Mediterranean world (1982), in Hermathena 140 (1986), 74–78

1987

32. ‘Reading history: Britain as a province of Rome’, History Today 38 (August 1987), 47–51

33. Review of J. Humphrey, Roman Circuses (1986), in Journal of Roman Studies 77 (1987), 206–210

34. Review of J. M. Blazquez and M. A. Mezquiriz, Mosaicos Romanos de Navara (1985), in Gnomon 59 (1987), 433–437

35. Review of K. T. Erim, Aphrodisias (1986), in New York Times Review of Books, 1st. March 1987

1988

36. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, 3rd. edition, London: Constable 1988, pp. xvi + 453

37. ‘The Western Greeks’, in J. Boardman (ed.), Cambridge Ancient History, new edition: plates to volume IV – Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean c. 525–479 B.C., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1988, 179–201

38. ‘Roman art and architecture’, in J. Boardman, J. Griffin and O. Murray (eds.), The Roman World, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1988, 361–400 (expanded version of 1986 essay)

39. ‘Towns of Sicily under the Roman Empire’, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, II.11.1, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter 1988, 90–206

40. ‘Trade and industry in Sicily under the Roman Empire’, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, II.11.1, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter 1988, 207–305

41. ‘A wandering inscription from Rome and the so–called Gymnasium at Syracuse’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 71 (1988), 161–166

42. ‘Archaeology in Sicily, 1982–7’, Archaeological Reports 34 (1987–1988), 105–150

43. ‘Ancient granite quarries on the Bocche di Bonifacio’, in N. Herz and M. Waelkens (eds.), Classical Marble: geochemistry, technology, trade (NATO ASI series E, 153), Dordrecht 1988, 103–112

44. ‘Piazza Armerina and the senatorial aristocracy in late Roman Sicily’, in G. Rizza (ed.), La Villa Romana del Casale di Piazza Armerina, Catania 1988, 170–182 (also interventi in the same volume: 136–137 and 192–193)

45. ‘Eraclea Minoa. Gli scavi eseguiti nel territorio negli anni 1980–1983’, Kokalos 30–31 (1984–1985) [published 1988], 489–500

46. Review of H. Mielsch, Die römische Villa: Architektur und Lebensform (1987), in Journal of Roman Studies 78 (1988), 244–245

47. Review of J. Wacher, The Roman Empire (1987), in Antiquity 62 (1988), 405–406

1989

48. Review of O. Brogan and D. J. Smith, Ghirza: a Libyan settlement in the Roman period (1988), in Antiquity 63 (1989), 173

49. Review of H. Jouffroy, La construction publique en Italie et dans l’Afrique romaine (1986), in Classical Review 39 (1989), 346–348

1990

50. Sicily under the Roman Empire: the archaeology of a Roman province, 36 B.C. – A.D. 535,  Warminster: Aris and Phillips, pp. x + 452

51. ‘Granite quarrying in the Straits of Bonifacio’, in Akten des XIII Internationalen Kongesses für Klassische Archäologie, Berlin 1988, Mainz 1990, 341–342

52. ‘Roman architecture in a Greek world: the example of Sicily’, in M. Henig (ed.), Architecture and architectural sculpture in the Roman Empire, Oxford 1990, 67–90

53. Review of C. Balmelle, Recueil Général des mosaiques de la Gaule IV: Province d’Aquitaine II (1987), in Bonner Jahrbücher 190 (1990), 739–742

1991

54. ‘Roman art and architecture’, in J. Boardman, J. Griffin and O. Murray (eds.), The Roman World, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1991, 413–448 (updated version of 1986/1988 essay)

1992

55. ‘Tubi fittili (vaulting tubes): on their origin and distribution’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 5 (1992), 97–129

56. Review of M. Millett, The Romanization of Britain (1990), in Journal of Roman Studies 72 (1992), 290–293

57. Review of N. H. and A. Ramage, The Cambridge Illustrated History ogf Roman Art (1991), Hermathena 152 (Summer 1992), 95–99

1993

58. ‘Les tubes de voûte en terre cuite dans l’Empire romain’, Bulletin de l’Association pour l’Antiquité tardive 2 (1992), 90–104

59. ‘La Sicilia’, in A. Carandini, L. Cracco Ruggini and A. Giardina (eds.), Storia di Roma III.2: il tardo impero. I luoghi e le culture, Turin: Einaudi Editori, 279–298

60. Review of A. Peschlow-Bindokat, Die Steinbrüche von Selinunt. Die Cava di Cusa und die Cava di Barone (1990), in Classical Review 43 (1993), 374–376

1994

61. ‘Sikelia’, in L. Kahil (ed.), Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, VII.1, Munich and Zürich: Artemis Verlag 1994, 759–761

62. ‘The mosaic’, in T. W. Potter (ed.), Excavations at Cherchell (Algeria), 1977–81 [6th Supplément to Bulletin d’Archéologie algérienne], Algiers 1994, 125–130

63. Review of A. L. F. Rivet, Gallia Narbonensis (1988) in Bonner Jahrbücher 194 (1994), 687–692

64. Review of R. R. Holloway, The Archaeology of Ancient Sicily (1991), for Journal of Hellenic Studies 114 (1994), 217–218

1995

65. ‘Carthaginian, Numidian and Roman’, in T. Phillips (ed.), Africa: the art of a continent, London: Royal Academy of Arts, and Munich and New York: Prestel 1995, 536–538 and 553–558

66. ‘The Castagna and Campanaio Roman agricultural settlements project, central southern Sicily’, Papers of the British School at Rome 63 (1995), 259–260

67. Review of L. Richardson, A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome (1993), and M. Steinby, Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae I (1993), in Journal of Roman Studies 85 (1995), 251–253

1996

68. Editor, From River Trent to Raqqa: Nottingham University archaeological fieldwork in Britain, Europe and the Middle East 1991–1995, Nottingham: Department of Archaeology, University of Nottingham 1996, pp. 104

69. ‘Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica’, in A. Bowman et al. (eds.), Cambridge Ancient History, new edition, volume X (31 B.C. – A.D. 70), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1996, 434–48

70. ‘Archaeology in Sicily 1988–95’, Archaeological Reports for 1995–1996, London: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1996, 59–123

71. ‘Tot aquarum tam multis necessariis molibus . . . Recent studies on aqueducts and water supply’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 9 (1996), 5–29

72. ‘Nuovi scavi all’ insediamento agricolo ellenistico–romano di Castagna (AG), 1993’, Quaderni del Istituto di Archeologia della Università di Messina 8 (1993) [publ. 1996], 29–49

73. ‘Rural life in Roman Sicily: excavations at Castagna and Campanaio’, in R. J. A. Wilson (ed.), From River Trent to Raqqa, Nottingham: University of Nottingham 1996, 24–41

74. ‘La topografia della Catania romana. Problemi e prospettive’, in B. Gentili, ed., Catania antica: atti del convegno della Società Italiana per lo studio dell’antichità classica [Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura classica. Atti di Convegno 6], Pisa and Rome 1996, 149–173

75. ‘A portable altar fragment from Dragonby’, in J. May, Excavations at Dragonby, Oxford: Oxbow Books 1996, 377–378

76. ‘Capreae’, ‘Cosa’, ‘Ghirza’, ‘Mahdia shipwreck’, ‘Numidia’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Puteoli’ and ‘Santa Maria Capua Vetere’, in J. Turner, ed., The Macmillan Dictionary of Art, London: Macmillan 1996, V, 685–686; VII, 917; XII, 557; XX, 105–106; XXIII, 299–300; XXIV, 699–702; XXV, 747–748; and XXVII, 781

77. ‘Carthage’ in B. M. Fagan (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press 1996, 119–120

78. ‘The Roman frontier’ in B. M. Fagan (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press 1996, 610–612

79. ‘Acrae’, ‘Acragas’, ‘Aetna (1)’, ‘Aetna (2)’, ‘Africa, Roman’, ‘Ammaedara’, ‘Atlas Mountains’, ‘Bulla Regia’, ‘Byzacium’, ‘Camarina’, ‘Capsa’, ‘Carthage’, ‘Catana’, ‘Cirta’, ‘Cuicul’, ‘Eryx’, ‘Gela’, ‘Hadrumetum’, ‘Himera’, ‘Hippo Regius’, ‘Lambaesis’, ‘Leontinoi’, ‘Lepcis Magna’, ‘Lilybaeum’, ‘Madauros’, ‘Mauretania’, ‘Megara Hyblaea’, ‘Morgantina’, ‘Motya’, ‘Naxos (2)’, ‘Numidia’, ‘Oea’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Sabratha’, ‘Segesta’, ‘Selinus’, ‘Sicca Veneria’, ‘Sicily’, ‘Simitthus’, ‘Sufetula’, ‘Syracuse’, ‘Tauromenium’, ‘Thamugadi’, ‘Theveste’, ‘Thubursicum Numidarum’, ‘Thugga’, ‘Thysdrus’, ‘Tingis’, ‘Tipasa’, ‘Tripolitania’, ‘Utica’ , ‘Uthina’, ‘Volubilis’, ‘Zama’ , in S. Hornblower and A. J. Spawforth, eds, The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1996, pp. 9, 31, 34–35, 72–73, 208, 265, 266, 282, 289, 295–296, 302–303, 333, 412, 557–558, 627, 663–664, 707, 709–710, 812, 844, 844–845, 861–862, 907, 939, 951, 995–996, 998, 1031, 1054, 1061, 1182, 1342, 1379, 1382, 1401, 1401–1403, 1408–1409, 1453, 1463–1464, 1477, 1491–1492, 1512–1513, 1516, 1521, 1522, 1530, 1533, 1574–1575, 1612 and 1633

1997

80. Editor, Roman Maryport and its setting: essays in memory of Michael G. Jarrett, Maryport: Trustees of the Senhouse Museum 1997, pp. 168

81. ‘Maryport from the first to the fourth centuries: some current problems’, in R. J. A. Wilson (ed.), Roman Maryport and its setting, Maryport 1997, 17–39

82. La Sicilia romana: tra arte e storia, Palermo: Edizioni Ariete 1997, pp. 32

83. ‘Vaulting tube’, in T. W. Potter and A. C. King, Excavations at the Mola di Monte Gelato [Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome 11], Rome 1997, 234–235

84. ‘Trinakros’, in L. Kahil (ed.), Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae VIII, Munich and Zürich: Artemis Verlag 1997, 55

1998

85. ‘Africa, Roman’, ‘Carthage’, ‘Sicily’ and ‘Syracuse’, in S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth (eds.), The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1998, 12–14, 141–144, 663–665 and 698–699

1999

86. Editor (with J. D. Creighton), Roman Germany: studies in cultural interaction [JRA supplementary series 32], Portsmouth R. I.: Journal of Roman Archaeology 1999, pp. 248

87. ‘Introduction: recent research on Roman Germany,’ in R. J. A. Wilson and J. D.Creighton (eds.), Roman Germany: studies in cultural interaction, Portsmouth, R. I. 1999, 9–34 (with J. D. Creighton)

88. ‘Sicilian Naxian wine amphoras: a new look at wine in north Africa’ [paper presented to 100th Annual Meeting of the AIA, 27 December 1998], American Journal of Archaeology 103 (1999), 268 [abstract] (with J. Freed)

89. ‘The circuit walls of Syracuse’, in C. Scarre (ed.), The Seventy Wonders of the ancient world: the great monuments and how they were built, London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. 1999, 210–211

90. ‘The Campanaio Roman agricultural project,’ Papers of the British School at Rome 67 (1999), 421–423

2000

91. ‘On the trail of the triskeles: from the Macdonald Institute to archaic Greek Sicily’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 10 (2000), 35–61

92. ‘Campanaio – an agricultural settlement in Roman Sicily’, Antiquity 74 (2000), 289–290

93. ‘Rural settlement in hellenistic and Roman Sicily: excavations at Campanaio (AG), 1994–1998’, Papers of the British School at Rome 68 (2000), 337–369

94. ‘Iscrizioni su manufatti siciliani in età ellenistico-romana’, in G. Nenci (ed.), Sicilia epigrafica [Atti del Convegno di Erice 15–18 ottobre 1998] (Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore diPisa4, Quaderni 1999.1–2), Pisa 2000, 531–556

95. ‘Ciceronian Sicily: an archaeological perspective’, in C. Smith and J. Serrati (eds.), Sicily from Aeneas to Augustus: new approaches in archaeology and history, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2000, 134–160

96. ‘Sicilia’, map and accompanying lists and bibliography in R. J. A. Talbert (ed.), The Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton: Princeton University Press 2000, Map 47 of Map Volume, and Map-by-Map Directory, Volume 1, 709–735

2001

97. ‘Aqueducts and water supply in Greek and Roman Sicily: the present status quaestionis’, in G. C. M. Jansen (ed.), Cura Aquarum in Sicilia. Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region, Syracuse, May 16–22, 1998 [Bulletin Antieke Beschaving Supplement 5], Leiden: Stichtung BABesch 2000 [publ. 2001], 5–36

98. ‘Why did the Carthaginians sacrifice children?’, ‘The mysteries of Mithraism’, and ‘The lost tomb of Alexander the Great’, in B. Fagan, ed., The seventy great mysteries of the ancient world, London: Thames and Hudson 2001, 173–176, 193–196 and 223–226

99. Review of J. T. Peña et al, Carthage Papers [JRA Suppementary volume 28] and H. Hurst, The Sanctuary of Tanit at Carthage [JRA Suppementary volume 30], for JRS x91 (2001), 198–200

2002

100. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, 4th. edition, London: Constable 2002, pp. xx + 732

101. ‘Vita rurale nella Sicilia ellenistico-romana: l’insediamento di Campanaio’, Kalos xiii.4 (October/December 2001) [publ. 2002], 24–31

102. ‘Roman vaulting tubes (tubi fittili) from Chesters’, Archaeologia Aeliana30 (2002), 180–185

103. ‘Presentazione’ in F. S. Brancato & R. Mingoia, Piazza Armerina: apud thermas apud Hennam. La cosidetta villa romana del Casale, Comiso: Documenta 2002, 11–13

104. Review of A. Oxé, H. Comfort and P. Kenrick (eds.), Corpus Vasorum Arretinorum, 2nd. ed. 2001, for Journal of Roman Studies 92 (2002), 212–214

2003

105. ‘From Palma di Montechiaro to the Isle Of Man: the use of the triskeles in antiquity and after’, in G. Fiorentini, M. Caltabiano and A. Calderone, eds, Archeologia nel Mediterraneo: studi in onore di Ernesto De Miro, Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider 2003, 721–747

106. ‘A group of Roman house-tombs at Tauromenium (Taormina)’, in G. M. Bacci and M. C. Martinelli (eds.), Studi classici in onore di Luigi Bernabò Brea [Quaderni del Museo Archeologico Regionale Eoliano “Luigi Bernabò Brea”, Supplemento 2], Palermo: Regione Siciliana 2003, 247–274

107. ‘Journeymen’s jottings: two Roman inscriptions from Hadrian’s Wall’, Archaeologia Aeliana5 32 (2003), 25–35

108. ‘The Rudston Venus mosaic revisited: a spear-bearing lion?’, Britannia 34 (2003), 288–291

109. ‘Roman vaulting tubes (tubi fittili) from Chesters: an addendum’, Archaeologia Aeliana32(2003), 192–193

110. Review of S. Ellis, Roman houses (2000) for Journal of Roman Archaeology 16 (2003), 582–584

2004

111. Editor (with I. D. Caruana) Romans on the Solway: essays in honour of Richard Bellhouse,Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, Kendal, for the Trustees of the Senhouse Museum, Maryport, pp. 232

112. ‘Introduction: the Roman frontier on the Solway’, in R. J. A. Wilson and I. D. Caruana (eds.), Romans on the Solway, Kendal 2004), 19–38

113. ‘The Roman ‘Officer’s Tomb’ at High Rochester revisited’, Archaeologia Aeliana33 (2004), 25–33

114. ‘Two Romano-British mosaic inscriptions reconsidered’, Mosaic 31 (2004), 18–22

2005

115. ‘On the identification of the figure in the south apse of the Great Hunt corridor at Piazza Armerina’, Sicilia Antiqua 1 (2004) [publ. 2005], 153–170

116. ‘Jos De Waele: his contribution to classical archaeology’, in S. Mols and E. Moorman (eds.), Omni pede stare. Saggi architettonici e circumvesuviani in memoriam Jos de Waele, Naples: Electa 2005, 9–17

117. ‘On the origins of the Roman civic basilica: the Egyptian connection’, in S. Mols and E. Moorman (eds.), Omni pede stare. Saggi architettonici e circumvesuviani in memoriam Jos de Waele, Naples: Electa 2005, 129–139

118. ‘La sopravvivenza di cultura punica nella Sicilia romana’, in A. Spanò Giamellaro (ed.), Atti del V Congresso Internazionale di Studi fenici e punici, Marsala–Palermo, 2–8 ottobre 2000, Palermo, 907–917

2006

119. Editor, Romanitas. Essays on Roman archaeology in honour of Sheppard Frere on the occasion of his nintieth birthday, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006, pp. xxx + 232

120. ‘Sheppard Sunderland Frere: an appreciation’, in R. J. A. Wilson (ed.), Romanitas. Essays on Roman archaeology in honour of Sheppard Frere on the occasion of his ninetieth birthday, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006, vii–viii

121. ‘Early defences and civic status in Roman Britain’ in R. J. A. Wilson (ed.), Romanitas. Essays on Roman archaeology in honour of Sheppard Frere on the occasion of his ninetieth birthday, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006, 1–47

122. ‘Aspects of iconography in Romano-British mosaics: the Rudston ‘aquatic’ scene and the Brading astronomer revisited’, Britannia 37 (2006), 295–336

123. ‘What’s new in Roman Baden-Württemberg?’, Journal of Roman Studies 96 (2006), 198–212

124. ‘Settlement patterns in south-east Sicily in Roman and late Roman times’, in F. P. Rizzo (ed.), Da abitato in abitato. In itinere fra le più antiche testimonianze cristiane degli Iblei [Atti del Convegno Internazionel di Studi, Ragusa–Catania, 3–5 April 2003], Pisa and Rome: Istituti editoriali e poligrafici internazionali 2005 [publ. 2006], 223-238

125. ‘Postilla’, in F. P. Rizzo (ed.), Da abitato in abitato. In itinere fra le più antiche testimonianze cristiane degli Iblei [Atti del Convegno Internazionel di Studi, Ragusa–Catania, 3–5 April 2003], Pisa and Rome: Istituti editoriali e poligrafici internazionali 2005 [publ. 2006], 163–167

126. ‘The Flawborough lead tank’, in E. Hartley, J. Hawkes, M. Henig and F. Mee (eds.), Constantine the Great: York’s Roman Emperor, York: Yorkshire Museums Trust, and Aldershot and Burlington: Lund Humphries 2006, 208–209 (no. 195)

127. ‘A life of luxury in late Roman Sicily: the villa of Piazza Armerina’, Minerva 17.1 (January/February 2006), 40–43

128. ‘Architects’, ‘architecture (Greek and Roman)’, ‘Augst’, ‘basilica’, ‘Capri’, ‘Corsica’, ‘domes’, ‘Motya’, ‘orders, architectural’, ‘palaces’, ‘Pantheon’, ‘Sicily’, ‘Syracuse’, ‘Thugga’, ‘Timgad’, ‘Utica’, in G. Shipley, J. Vanderspoel, D. Mattingly and L. Foxhall, eds, The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2006, 68–69, 69–72, 109–110, 123, 162–163, 238, 280–281, 593, 629–630, 638, 641, 819–821, 853–854, 887, 890–891 and 916

2007

129. ‘Algeria: Numidians and Romano-Africans in a forgotten land’, Minerva 18.6 (2007), 36–40

130. ‘Foreword’, in A. Neville, Mountains of silver and rivers of gold: the Phoenicians in Iberia [UBC Studies in the Ancient World Volume 1], Oxford: Oxbow Books for the Department of Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, UBC, 2007, 7–8

131. Review of F. P. Rizzo, Sicilia cristiana dal I al V secolo. Volume Primo. Testimonia Siciliae Antiquae I.14; Supplementi a Kokalos 17 (Rome 2005) and id., Gli albori della Sicilia cristiana. Secoli I-V. Temi e luoghi del mondo antico 17 (Bari 2005), in Bryn Mawr Classical Review

2008

132. ‘Chiese paleocristiane in Sicilia: problemi e prospettive’, Kokalos 47–48 (2001–2002) [published 2008], 145–168

133. ‘Sublime Silin: a luxury Roman villa on the Libyan coastline’, Minerva 19.4 (July/August 2008), 45–49

134. ‘Vivere in villa: rural residences of the Roman rich in Italy’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 21 (2008), 477–488

135. ‘Roman domestic tomb and feasting room found in Sicily’, Minerva 19.5 (September/October 2008), 3–4

2009

136. ‘An early Byzantine ‘élite’ tomb in a domestic context at Kaukana, Sicily’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 22 (2009), 412–415

137. ‘Aithiopia’, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. Supplementum2009, Dusseldorf: Artemis Verlag 2009, vol. 1, 38–39 (with plates in vol. 2, 25)

138. ‘Sikelia’, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. Supplementum2009, Dusseldorf: Artemis Verlag 2009, vol. 1, 450

2010

139.‘Villa’, in M. Gagarin (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, volume 7, 179–181

140. ‘Life and death in early Byzantine Sicily’, Minerva 21.6 (November/December 2010), 34–37

141. ‘Banquets for the dead: new discoveries in early Byzantine Sicily’, Current World Archaeology 44 (December 2010), 38–45

2011

142. ‘Funerary feasting in early Byzantine Sicily: new evidence from Kaukana’, American Journal of Archaeology 115 (2011), 263–302 [with appendices by J.W. Hayes and C. L. Sulosky]

143. ‘Il sito bizantino di Kaukana’, Kalos xxiii.1 (January–March 2011), 38–42

144. ‘Leben und Sterben im frühbyzantinischen Sizilien. Neue Erkenntnisse aus Kaukana’, Antike Welt 5.2011, 68–75

145. ‘The fourth-century villa at Piazza Armerina (Sicily) in its wider imperial context: a review of some aspects of recent research’, in G. von Bülow and H. Zabehlicky (eds.), Bruckneudorf und Gamzigrad. Spätantike Paläste und Großvillen im Donau-Balkan-Raum. Akten des Internationalen Kolloquiums in Bruckneudorf vom 15. bis 18. Oktober 2008. Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte Band 15 (= Sonderschriften des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts Band 45), Bonn: Habelt 2011, 55–87

146. ‘Neue Forschungen an der Domus Aurea’, Antike Welt 5.2011, 6

147. ‘Foreword’, in J. Freed, Bringing Carthage Home. The excavations of Nathan Davis, 1856–1859, UBC Studies in the Ancient World 2, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2011, 7–8

148. Review of P. Wright, Snakes, Sands and Silphium. Travels in Classical Libya (2011) in Libyan Studies 42 (2011), 154–155

2012

149. ‘Agorai and fora in Hellenistic and Roman Sicily: the present status questionis’, in C. Ampolo (ed.), Agora greca e agorai di Sicilia, Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa 2012, 245–267 and pls. 269–303

150. ‘Acrae’, ‘Acragas’, ‘Aetna (1)’, ‘Aetna (2)’, ‘Africa, Roman’, ‘Ammaedara’, ‘Atlas Mountains’, ‘Bulla Regia’, ‘Byzacium’, ‘Camarina’, ‘Capsa’, ‘Carthage’, ‘Catana’, ‘Cirta’, ‘Cuicul’, ‘Eryx’, ‘Gela’, ‘Hadrumetum’, ‘Himera’, ‘Hippo Regius’, ‘Lambaesis’, ‘Leontinoi’, ‘Lepcis Magna’, ‘Lilybaeum’, ‘Madauros’, ‘Mauretania’, ‘Megara Hyblaea’, ‘Morgantina’, ‘Motya’, ‘Naxos (2)’, ‘Numidia’, ‘Oea’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Sabratha’, ‘Segesta’, ‘Selinus’, ‘Sicca Veneria’, ‘Sicily’, ‘Simitthus’, ‘Sufetula’, ‘Syracuse’, ‘Tauromenium’, ‘Thamugadi’, ‘Theveste’, ‘Thubursicum Numidarum’, ‘Thugga’, ‘Thysdrus’, ‘Tingis’, ‘Tipasa’, ‘Tripolitania’, ‘Uthina’, ‘Utica’, ‘Volubilis’, ‘Zama’, in S. Hornblower, A. J. Spawforth and E. Eidinow (eds.), The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012, 9, 30–31, 33–34, 70, 200, 255, 256, 271–272, 278, 283–285, 291, 320, 396–397, 537, 606, 642, 685, 689, 790, 820–821, 837, 881, 913, 925, 968, 971, 1004, 1026, 1033, 1147, 1304, 1340, 1342–1343, 1361–1363, 1368, 1410, 1420–1421, 1434, 1448–1449, 1468–1469, 1472, 1477–1478, 1485, 1508, 1529–1530, 1564, 1586

151. ‘Mogontiacum (Mainz)’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Vetera (Birten, Germany)’, ‘Xanten, Germany’ in R. S. Bagnall, K. Brodersen, C. B. Champion, A. Erskine and S. R. Huebner (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, Oxford: Blackwells 2012, 4561–4562, 5321–5322, 6978–6979 and 7142–7143

152. ‘Carthage’ and ‘Roman Empire: the Roman frontier’ in N. A. Silberman (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd edition 2012, vol. 1, 260–262 and vol. 3, 44–48

2013

153. ‘Life, death and dining: UBC excavations at Punta Secca (RG), Sicily’, Mouseion 10.2 (2010) [publ. 2013], 119–167

154. ‘Sicily, c. 300 BC–133 BC’, in C. Smith (ed.), The Cambridge Ancient History, new edition: plates to volumes VIII.2 to IX (500–133 BC), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013, 156–196

155. ‘Carthage and her neighbours’, in C. Smith (ed.), The Cambridge Ancient History, new edition: plates to volumes VIII.2 to IX (500–133 BC), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013, 197–241

156.  ‘Hellenistic Sicily, c. 270–100 BC’, in J. Prag and J. Quinn (eds.), The Hellenistic West, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013, 79–119

157. ‘An unusual early-Byzantine ‘thrice-holy’ inscription and accompanying design from Punta Secca, Sicily’, Phoenix 67.1–2 (2013), 163–181

158. ‘Becoming Roman overseas? Sicily and Sardinia in the later Roman Republic’, in J. DeRose Evans (ed.), Blackwells Companion to Roman Republican Archaeology, Oxford: Wiley Blackwells 2013, 485–504

159. Review of R. Bonacasa Carra and F. Ardizzone (eds), Agrigento da Tardo Antico al Medioevo (2007), for Mouseion 10.2 (2010) [publ. 2013], 322–326

2014

160. ‘Tile-stamps of Philippianus in late Roman Sicily: a talking signum or evidence for horse-raising?’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 27 (2014), 472–486

161. ‘Il banchetto funerario nella Sicilia della prima età bizantina: nuove attestazioni da Kaukana’, Sicilia Antiqua 11 (2014), 541–591 [with appendices by J. W. Hayes and C. L. Solosky Weaver]

162. ‘La villa tardoromana di Caddeddi sul fiume Tellaro (SR) e i suoi mosaici’, in P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica. Atti del Convegno internazionale del Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sull’Edilizia nel Mediterraneo (CISEM) (Piazza Armerina, 7–10 novembre 2012), Bari: Edipuglia 2014, 37–46

163. ‘Punta Secca (‘Kaukana’): gli scavi canadesi 2008–2010′, in P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica. Atti del Convegno internazionale del Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sull’Edilizia nel Mediterraneo (CISEM) (Piazza Armerina, 7–10 novembre 2012), Bari: Edipuglia 2014, 53–59

164. ‘La villa romana di Gerace: primi risultati della ricerca geofisica’, in P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica. Atti del Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sull’Edilizia nel Mediterraneo (CISEM) (Piazza Armerina, 7–10 novembre 2012), Bari: Edipuglia 2014, 95–101

165. ‘Considerazioni conclusive’ in P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica. Atti del Convegno internazionale del Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sull’Edilizia nel Mediterraneo (CISEM) (Piazza Armerina, 7–10 novembre 2012), Bari: Edipuglia 2014, 691–702

166. ‘Funerary Dining in Early Byzantine Sicily: archaeobotanical evidence from Kaukana’, Mediterranean Archaeology 25 (2012) [publ. 2014], 81–93 [with J. Ramsay]

167. ‘Probable atretic cephalocele in an adult female from Punta Secca, Sicily’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 24.6 (2014), 747–756 [with C. Sulosky Weaver]

2015

168. ‘The western Roman provinces’, in B. E. Borg (ed.), A Companion to Roman Art, Malden, Oxford and Chichester: Wiley Blackwell 2015, 496–530

169. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2013 season’, Mouseion 12 (2012; publ. 2015), 175–230

170. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2013’, Sicilia Antiqua 12 (2015), 129–162

171. ‘On the personification in the Hunt mosaic at the Roman villa of Caddeddi on the Tellaro, Sicily’, Mosaic 42 (2015), 29–41

172. ‘The lady with the hole in her head: a Sicilian mystery, 1400 years ago’, Roman Archaeology Group Magazine (Perth) 10.2 (2015), 6–10

173. ‘Roman Sicily and the sea’, in D. Burgersdijk, R. Calis, J. Kelder, A. Sofroniew, S. Tusa and R. van Beek (eds.), Sicily and the Sea, catalogue for the international exhibition in

Amsterdam, Oxford, Palermo, Copenhagen and Bonn, Amsterdam: WBooks and Allard Pearson Museum 2015, 107–111

174. ‘Sheppard Sunderland Frere’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 28 (2015), 968–973

175. Review of S. Frey-Kupper, Die antiken Fundmünzen vom Monte Iato 1971–1990: Ein Beitrag zur Geldgeschichte Westsiziliens, 2 vols., Éditions du Zèbre: Prahins, 2013, in Journal of Roman Archaeology 28 (2015), 554–558

2016

176. Caddeddi on the Tellaro. A late Roman villa in Sicily and its mosaics, Bulletin Antieke Beschaving Supplement 28, Peeters: Leuven, Paris and Bristol, CT 2016, pp. viii + 200

177. ‘On early thimbles: a seventh-century-AD example from Punta Secca, Sicily, in context’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 35 (2016), 413–432

178. ‘Sheppard Sunderland Frere, 1916–2015’, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the British Academy 15 (2016), 247–276

179. ‘La Sicilia romana e il mare,’ in S. Tusa (ed.), Mirabilia maris: tesori dei mari di Sicilia. Catalogo della mostra, Palermo: Regione Siciliana 2016, 77–83

2017

180. Dining with the dead in early Byzantine Sicily. Excavations at Punta Secca near Ragusa (Eleventh BABESCH Byvanck Lecture), Leiden: BABESCH Foundation 2017, pp. 38

181. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2015 season’, Mouseion 14 (2017), 253–316

182. ‘Sui primi ditali: un esempio del VII sec. d.C. da Punta Secca (RG) e il suo contesto’, in G. G. Mellusi and R. Moscheo (eds.), Ktema eis aei. Studi in memoria di Giacomo Scibona, Messina: Società Messinese di Storia Patria, Messina 2017, 489–514

183. Review of E. Fentress, C. Goodson and M. Maiuro (eds.), Villa Magna: an imperial estate and its legacies. Excavations 2006–2010 (Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome 23), London: British School at Rome 2016, in Antiquity 91 (2017), 1676–1677

2018

184. ‘Roman villas in Sicily’, in A, Marzano and G. Métraux (eds.), The Roman Villa in the Mediterranean Basin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2018, 195–219

185. ‘Roman villas in North Africa’, in A, Marzano and G. Métraux (eds.), The Roman Villa in the Mediterranean Basin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2018, 266–307

186. ‘The Indirizzo Roman baths’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 31 (2018), 193–221 [with M. Liuzzo and G. Margani]

187. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2016 season’, Mouseion15 (2018), 219–296

188. ‘Hagios, hagios, hagios: una insolita iscrizione proto-bizantina e il relativo disegno da Punta Secca (RG)’, Sicilia Archeologica  109 (2017 [pub. 2018]), 136–157

189. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2015’, Sicilia Antiqua 15 (2018), 287–314

190. ‘Philippianus e la sua proprietà rurale nella Sicilia tardo romana. Nuovi scavi a Gerace presso Enna’, in O. Belvedere and J. Bergemann (eds.), Römisches Sizilien: Stadt und Land zwischen Monumentalisierung und Ökonomie, Krise und Entwicklung/La Sicilia romana: Città e Territorio tra monumentalizzazione ed economia, crisi e sviluppo/Roman Sicily between Monumentalization and Economy, Crisis and Development, Palermo: Palermo University Press 2019, 165–190

191. ‘Archaeology and earthqukes in late Roman Sicily: unpacking the myth of the terrae motus per totum orbem of AD 365′, in M. A. Bernabò Brea, M. Cultraro, M. Gras, M. C. Martinelli, C. Pouzadoux and U. Spigo (eds.), À Madeleine Cavalier, Collection du Centre Jean Bérard 49, Naples: Centre Jean Bérard 2019, 455–466

192. ‘Philippianus and his rural estate in late Roman Sicily’, Current World Archaeology 89 (June/July 2018), 16–23

193. ‘Selbstdarstellung im römischen Stil: Philippianus und sein Landgut im spätrömischen Sizilien’, Antike Welt 2018.5 (2018), 46–55

194. ‘Gerace update’, Current World Archaeology 92 (December 2018/January 2019), 14–15

195. The Musée de la Romanité’, Current World Archaeology 92 (December 2018/January 2019), 52–55

2019

196. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2017 season’, Mouseion 16 (2019), 249–342

197. ‘Con Philippiano nella tenuta di Gerace’, Archeologia Viva 195 (May/June 2019), 22–39

198. ‘Mosaics at the late Roman estate of Gerace’, Mosaic: Journal of the Association for the Study and Preservation of Roman Mosaics 46 (2019), 17–33

199. ‘Philippianus and his rural estate in late Roman Sicily: recent excavations at Gerace near Enna’, in P. Higgs and D. Booms (eds.), Sicily: Heritage of the World, British Museum Research Publications 222, London: British Museum 2019, 88–101

2020

200. Review of B. Steger, Piazza Armerina. La villa romaine de Casale en Sicile, Paris: Picard 2017, in Bryn Mawr Classical Review March 12th 2020 https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.03.17

201. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2016’, Cronache di Archeologia 38 (2019) [pub. 2020], 299–346

202. ‘A woman with a grave affliction: an archaeological detective story from Punta Secca, Sicily’, Antiqvvs 2.1 (January 2020), 26­–32

203. ‘The baths on the estate of the Philippiani at Gerace, Sicily,’ AJA 124 (2020), 477–510 (with an Appendix by M. Liuzzo), and with on-line image gallery at https://www.ajaonline.org/imagegallery/4143#1

204. ‘Foreword’, in A. Lindhagen, Kale Akte, the Fair Promontory. Settlement, Trade and Productiion on the Nebrodi Coast of Sicily, 500 BC – AD 500 [UBC Studies in the Ancient World 3], Oxford: Oxbow Books 2020, pp. vii–viii

205. ‘Philippianus: a late Roman Sicilian landowner and his use of the monogram’, in A. Gatzke, L. L. Brice and A,. Trundell (eds.), People and Institutions in the Roman Empire. Essays in Memory of Garrett G. Fagan, Leiden and Boston: Brill 2020, 183–229

2021

206. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2018 season’, Mouseion3 17 (2020) [publ. 2021], 95–212

207. ‘The praedia Philippianorum: a late Roman estate at Gerace near Enna’, in C. Prescott, A. Karivieri, P. Campbell, K. Görannsson and S. Tusa (eds.), Trinacria. ‘An Island outside Time’. International Archaeology in Sicily, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2021, 19–32

208. ‘Aspects of identity: Provincia Sicilia during the Roman Empire’, in O. Belvedere and J. Bergemann (eds), Imperium romanum: Romanization between Colonization and Globalization, Palermo: Palermo University Press 2021, 309–332

209. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2017’, Cronache di Archeologia 39 (2020) [publ. 2021], 359–419

210. ‘The late Roman villa of Caddeddi: living in luxury in rural Sicily’, Current World Archaeology 105 (2021), 16–25

211. ‘Pantelleria revealed: the archaeology of Cossyra’. Review article of T. Schäfer, K. Schmidt and M. Osanna (eds.), Cossyra I. Die Ergebnisse der Grabungen auf der Akropolis von Pantelleria/S. Teresa. Der Sakralbereich [Tübinger Archäologische Forschungen 10], 2 vols., pp. 1102, Verlag Marie Liedorf: Rahden 2015, in Mouseion 17.3 (2020) [publ. 2021], 515–545

212. ‘Ancient Sicily in the Mediterranean world: aspects of identity and cultural interaction, 7th century BC to 7th century AD’, in G. Shepherd (ed.), Interaction and Identity. Sicily and South Italy from the Iron Age to Late Antiquity. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology PB 190, series, Nicosia: Astrom Editions 2021, 9–46

2022

213. ‘Using parasite analysis to identify ancient chamber pots: an example of the fifth century CE from Gerace, Sicily, Italy[with S. Rabinow, T. Wang and P. D. Mitchell], Journal of Archaeological Science. Reports https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103349

214. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2019 season’, Mouseion 18 (2021) [published 2022], 379–534

215. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2018’, Cronache di Archeologia 40 (2021) [published 2022], 309–383

216. ‘‘Very beautiful Narbonne’, pulcherrima . . .Narbo (Martial, Epigram 8.72.4)’, Current World Archaeology 119 (2022), 46–51

217. ‘Memories of Sebastiano Tusa,’ in V. Li Vigni Tusa (ed.), Sebastiano Tusa. Una vita per la cultura, Sassari: Carlo Delfino Editore 2021 [published 2022], 85–86

218. ‘Mogontiacum (Mainz)’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Vetera (Birten, Germany)’, ‘Colonia Ulpia Traiana (Xanten, Germany)’, ‘Gerace, Sicily’, ‘Caddeddi, Sicily’, in R. S. Bagnall, K. Brodersen, C. B. Champion, A. Erskine and S. R. Huebner (eds), The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Ancient History (revised edition), published on line 15th June 2022

2023

219. ‘Greek and Punic Sicily’, ‘Corsica’ ‘Sicily (Roman)’, ‘Sardinia’, ‘Britain’, Hadrian’s Wall’, and ‘Antonine Wall’, in R. J. A. Talbert, L. Holman and B. Salway (eds.), Atlas of Classical History: Revised Edition, Abingdon and New York: Routledge 2023, pp. 42–43, 108–113 and 134–136

220. ‘A Roman marble base in Valletta (Malta) featuring a personification of Sicilia’, Sicilia Archeologica 113 (2022) [pub. 2023], 249–265

221. ‘Roman Malta: architecture and archaeology’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 36 (2023), 215–226

222. ‘Pulcherrima Narbo’, Antike Welt 3.23, 84–87

223. ‘Wohnen in Luxus in ländlichen Sizilien: die spätrömische Villa von Caddeddi’, Antike Welt 4.23, 75–83

224. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2019’, Cronache di Archeologia 41 (2022) [pub. 2023], 219–314 [with appendices by D. Tsimbaliouk, R. Veal, T. Wang, S. Rabinow, P. Mitchell e T. Mukai]

225. ‘A forgotten Roman marble base in the National Museum of Archaeology’, in Malta Archaeological Review 13 (2023), https://doi.org/10.46651/mar.2023.2

2024

226. ‘Sicilia’, in B. Burrell (ed.), A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Empire, Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons 2024, 232–256

227. ‘The 10,000-year biocultural history of fallow deer and its implications for conservation policy’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121.8, 2024, e2310051121 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2310051121 [with K. H. Baker, H. Miller, S. Doherty, H. W. I. Gray, J. Daujat, C. Çakırlar, N. Spassov, K. Trantalidou, R. Madgwick, A. L. Lamb, C. Ameen, L. Atici, P. Baker, F. Beglane, H. Benkert, R. Bendrey, A. Binois-Roman, R. F. Carden, A. Curci, B. De Cupere, C. Detry, E. Gál, C. Genies , G. K. Kunst, R. Liddiard, R. Nicholson, S. Perdikaris , J. Peters, F. Pigière, A. G. Pluskowski, P. Sadler, S. Sicard, L. Strid, J. Sudds, R. Symmons, K. Tardio, A. Valenzuela, M. van Veen, S. Vuković, J. Weinstock, B. Wilkens, J. A. Evans, A. R. Hoelzel and N. Sykes]


Awards

Grants, Honours, Prizes

1971 Charles Oldham Scholar, University of Oxford

1971–73 Thomas Witcombe Greene Scholar in Classical Archaeology, University of Oxford

1983–94 Fellow of Trinity College Dublin

1984– Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries

1987–89 Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung Research Fellow, Archäologisches Institut, University of Bonn

1998 Togo Salmon Visiting Professor of Classics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario

2001–02 Balsdon Senior Research Fellow, British School at Rome

2002 Ian Sanders Memorial Lecturer, University of Sheffield

2007 Charles Eliot Norton Lecturer, Archaeological Institute of America

2012 Getty Research Institute Guest Fellow in Residence, Los Angeles

2013 UBC Killam Prize for Research 2012

2017 Dalrymple Lecturer in Archaeology, University of Glasgow/Glasgow Archaeological Society, Scotland

2017 Byvanck Lecturer in Archaeology, National Museum of Antiquities, Leiden, The Netherlands

2021 Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada

2022 Atlantic Provinces Lecturer, Classical Association of Canada

2023 UBC Emeritus College Award for Excellence in Innovative and Creative Endeavours*

*see

https://emerituscollege.ubc.ca/awards-and-support/ubc-emeritus-college-award-excellence-innovative-and-creative-endeavours/past


R J A Wilson

Director, Centre for the Study of Ancient Sicily
Education

BA in Literae Humaniores (Oxford) 1971
MA (Oxford) 1974
MA (Dublin) 1974
DPhil. (Oxford) 1977


About

Career

1974–94 Trinity College Dublin (Junior Lecturer in Classics, Louis Claude Purser Lecturer in Classical Archaeology; Louis Claude Purser Associate Professor of Classical Archaeology)
1994–2005 Professor of Archaeology, University of Nottingham
2006–2014 Professor of the Archaeology of the Roman Empire, University of British Columbia
2008–   Director, Centre for the Study of Ancient Sicily


Teaching


Research

Research Interests

  • The archaeology of Roman and early Byzantine Sicily
  • The archaeology and history of the Western Greeks
  • Roman north Africa
  • The Roman Empire in the West, including Britain
  • Roman art and architecture

Projects

Books

A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, 5th edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

The Triskeles, Ancient Symbol of Sicily, Oxford: Archaeopress

Punta Secca. Life and Death in a Village Settlement in Early Byzantine Sicily (Bulletin Antieke Beschaving, Supplement), Leuven: Peeters

Book chapters and journal articles in press

‘Philippianus e la sua tenuta rurale nella Sicilia tardoromana: scavi recenti a Gerace presso Enna’, in M. T. Grasso (ed.), Paesaggi rurali nella Sicilia greca e romana. Insediamenti, installazioni produttive e viabilità ai margini della Piana di Catania dall’età arcaica agli albori del Medioevo, 13–14 Novembre 2020, Catania, due 2024

‘La Sicilia tra il 44 a.C. e il 68 d.C: alcuni pensieri trent’anni dopo Sicily under The Roman Empire’, in L. Calì, L. Campagna and E. C. Portale (eds.), La Sicilia fra le guerre civili e l’epoca giulio-claudia, Rome: Quasar, forthcoming

Praedia Philippianorum, una tenuta rurale nella Sicilia tardoromana a Gerace presso Enna’, Sicilia Antiqua 21 (2024)

‘L’età della transizione: la fine della villa di Gerace (EN) e la successiva frequentazione del sito durante l’età bizantina’, in M. Cavalieri, C. Sfameni and A. Castrorao Barba (eds.), La villa dopo la villa 3. Trasformazione di un sistema insediativo ed economico nell’Italia meridionale e nelle isole maggiori tra Tarda Antichità e Medioevo, Louvain: Presses Universitaires de Louvain, due summer 2024

Current field projects

(1)  The Campanaio and Castagna project

Campanaio and Castagna are two archaeological sites, 1 km apart, about 25 km west of Agrigento in Sicily. Both were discovered by me during field survey research and partly excavated by teams directed by myself. Castagna was an isolated farmhouse (with 15 rooms, all with earth floors) of early imperial date (c. AD 50), with hellenistic occupation below. It was twice altered and enlarged before its collapse c. 180/200. Despite its humble form, there were some high-status finds, including lead-glazed ware from Tarsus in Cilicia and a mould-blown glass beaker with a Greek inscription (“Rejoice! Enjoy yourself!”), probably also from the eastern Mediterranean. Animal bones were mostly sheep/goats, but also present were tortoise, hare, and deer (red, roe, and considerable quantities of fallow deer). A pit was dug in one of the ruined buildings in the fourth century. Campanaio was a small agricultural village of late hellenistic date (second/first centuries BC), with two kilns of that date producing roof tiles. It was occupied into the early imperial period, when a large cess-pit indicates a possible tanning industry. After a period of abandonment, there was renewed activity in the late fourth century (c. 375 AD), when new storehouses were erected, as well as a domestic building further north. The structures had stone foundations and pisé (rammed earth) superstructures, a technique that lasted in Sicily from archaic Greek times down into late antiquity. Also to the late Roman period belongs a stone vat for storing olive oil, and dolia (huge storage vessels) indicating the production of wine. What is likely to have been an amphora kiln, reused in its final phase for the production of lime, was also active in the fourth and fifth centuries. Distorted wasters show that amphorae of the small flat-bottomed Keay 52 type, probably for wine, as well as tiles and mortaria (mixing bowls for the preparation of food), were all manufactured in this kiln. Carbonized deposits yielded grapes, lentils, and two varieties of wheat. Deer bones (red, roe, and fallow) came second only to sheep/goats in fifth-century deposits, a reminder that Sicily was far more afforested in antiquity than it is today, and that venison (as at Castagna) was not only the privilege of the rich.

Occupation came to a violent end in a disastrous fire c. AD 460, possibly a consequence of a raid by Vandals based in north Africa (known from ancient sources to have harried southern Sicily at this time); some material of later fifth- and sixth-century date shows, however, that there was limited activity on the site even after this. Three male bodies buried according to the Muslim rite were later laid in the ruins. The excavations have been the subject of several detailed preliminary papers, but the hoped-for pottery reports on the hellenistic coarse wares and amphorae, and on the whole of the important late Roman assemblages, have not materialized, preventing final publication. All these finds are now being studied afresh for publication by Dr Fabrizio Ducati, who currently holds a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (2024–2026), and who is spending twelve months working on this project at UBC between April 2024 and March 2025.

(2) The Gerace projectprovince of Enna, Sicily, is investigating the site of a Roman villa in the heart of Sicily, situated in fertile agricultural land with an extensive panorama. It was discovered by accident in 1994 when a torrent burst its banks and cut through one corner of an ancient structure, exposing a mosaic. Subsequent limited excavation discovered the ground plan on the surface of a small structure with five rooms and an irregular L-shaped corridor. Trial trenching descending to floor level suggested that there were geometric mosaic pavements in a corridor and in an apsed room. This building was further partially investigated in 2007, but has not been completely excavated.

In May 2012 UBC conducted its own first investigations at Gerace, involving a team from the British School at Rome, which conducted geophysical survey over a wide area of the 3-ha site. This identified a 50-m long building to the east of the structure with mosaics, as well as several outbuildings and the location of five kilns. The aims of the Gerace project, for which funding for five years was obtained from SSHRC in April 2013, and a further three years in a renewed grant in 2018, are therefore:

(a) to excavate sample areas of the Roman structures more extensively;

(b) to establish the chronology and building phases of the site, to determine the date of both the original construction of the villa and its destruction, and to assess the nature of any post-Roman occupation;

(c) to assess the function of the various buildings at the site (residential or agricultural?), and to monitor any changes over time;

(d) to recover ceramic remains (pottery, lamps, amphorae, tile) with a view to understanding both local ceramic circulation in the Roman period, and to evaluate the extent of imported ceramics, so as to understand better Gerace’s trading links with other parts of Sicily and of the Mediterranean;

(e) to recover faunal and carbonized seed remains in order to establish the range of plants grown and animals raised (or at any rate consumed) by the inhabitants of Gerace.

From mid-May to mid-June 2013 the first season of excavation was conducted at Gerace with the help of 13 students from UBC. Two rooms in the ‘villa-like building’ were excavated, and proved to be service rooms, one with a bench and a stone ‘workstation’ (to waist height) as well as an earth floor (perhaps a kitchen), and the other with white plaster on the walls and a white mortar floor. The building, for which a late second century date had been proposed by one previous excavator, and an early fourth century date by another, was dated to not earlier than AD 360 on the basis of African red slip pottery which formed part of the white mortar floor in the latter. Part of the mosaic-paved corridor outside these rooms was also investigated, and the edge of what was clearly the hot pool of a small bath-suite, with white mortar floor still in situ and its hypocaust stoke-hole preserved, was also discovered. The building was destroyed by fire: pottery and two intact African red slip lamps of the second half of the fifth century show that this occurred not earlier than c. AD 450.

Adjacent to this structure, the 50m-building first identified by geophysics proved to have an intact stone paved floor but very few finds; there is evidence to think that it might not have quite been completed when it suddenly collapsed, probably in an earthquake. It clearly predates the bath-suite and its stoke hole which demolished part of the long building’s west wall in order to provide room to fire the hypocaust. Pottery in the make-up for the long building’s floor suggest that it is not earlier than the second quarter of the fourth century (and part of an earlier building was identified beneath); it may have been under construction in AD 361/3 when it was flattened by an earthquake which Libanius reports as having destroyed most of the cities of Sicily at that time. The building’s function is enigmatic; although it might just possibly have been used as stables, it is more likely to have been a large estate granary.

The finds included 99 tile stamps using 10 different dies, with some tiles receiving as many as three stamps. All seem to have been part of a single production, by a landowner called Philippianus whose name recurs on many of them, and were made for the roof of the villa built after c. AD 370. That he might have raised prize racehorses at Gerace is suggested by some of the stamps which feature horses with head plumes, associated also with victory crowns and palm branches. Vegetius and others report that Sicilian circus ponies were highly rated in the Roman world, and Philippianus might have been raising them in this well-watered central area of Sicily in late Roman times. Indeed horses are still kept on the Gerace estate to this day. There is a unusually marked presence of horse bones in the ancient faunal assemblages, including foals and even an equine milk tooth, suggesting that there was a stud at the estate. A bath-house, excavated between 2016 and 2019, has produced an intact mosaic in its frigidarium which has an inscription on all four sides (uniquely so in the entire Roman Empire). From this we learn the name of the estate (the praedia Philippianorum) and that there had been either ‘joy for’ or ‘joy at’ the Capitolini (Capitolinis gaudium). This is either a reference to a new family (intermarrying with the Philippiani?) or else a reference to the Capitoline contests in Rome (the certamina Capitolina), instituted by Domitian in AD 86 and still going strong in the late fourth century. If the latter is the correct interpretation is correct, it implies that Philippianus trained horses at Gerace and entered them for chariot races at these Greek-style games, sometime in the second half of the fourth century AD, and won there.

The results of the excavation have been so far published in a series of annual reports in the journal Mouseion (2015 and 2017–2021) and in parallel, in Italian, in Sicilia Antiqua (2015 and 2018) and more recently in Cronache di Archeologia (2019–2022). An additional paper, on the tile-stamps found in 2013, was published in Journal of Roman Archaeology 27 (2014), and the bath-house was studied in American Journal of Archaeology for 2020. A summary of all six years of excavation can be found in C. Prescott et al., eds., Trinacria. ‘An Island outside Time’. International Archaeology in Sicily, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2021, in Sicilia Antiqua 2024 (forthcoming), and elsewhere. The discovery of whipworm eggs in a deposit inside one vessel, so proving its use as a chamber pot, was published in Journal of Archaeological Science Reports in 2022.

No excavation was able to take place in 2014 but it continued in five annual seasons from 2015 to 2019. Brief summaries of each of these can be found at the following:

2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019

A short study season took place in 2022, when a further campaign of geophysical research was conducted, which found a further set of kilns to the west of the main site.

(3) The Kaukana project, province of Ragusa, Sicily, also funded by SSHRC, was designed to investigate the chronology, character, development and commercial contacts of a late Roman and Byzantine coastal village, and to place it in its wider socio-economic context within late Roman and early Byzantine Sicily and the wider Mediterranean world. This project, in close collaboration with the Soprintendenza per i Beni Culturali Ambientali di Ragusa, was set up in 2008. Three seasons of excavation took place between 2008 and 2010. Reports have been issued in Journal of Roman Archaeology in 2009, in Minerva and Current World Archaeology in 2010, in American Journal of Archaeology in 2011, in International Journal of Osteoarchaeology [with C. Sulosky Weaver] in 2012, in Mouseion (volume 10.2 dated 2010) and in Phoenix in 2013, and in Sicilia Antiqua and in Mediterranean Archaeology (volume 25, dated 2012) [the latter with J. Ramsay] in 2014. Also published in 2014 was a contribution on Kaukana to a conference proceedings (P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica, Bari). A paper on an unusual object from the excavations, a thimble, was published in Oxford Journal of Archaeology in November 2016. Translations into Italian of the last paper and of that in Phoenix were published in Sicily in 2017. Short papers for the general public about the project were published in Perth, Western Australia, in 2015, and in the British journal Antiquus in 2020. The results of the excavation were presented as the XIth Byvanck Lecture, delivered in Leiden at the National Museum of Antiquities on 28th November 2017. The text of that, with illustrations, was published in a printed version to coincide with the lecture; it is also available online here (press ‘download booklet’ in this document).

A post-excavation season was conducted in 2012, and the final volume, with reports from a dozen specialist contributors (some still pending) is in preparation. It is hoped that this volume will be published by Peeters in Leuven as a BABesch Supplement.


Publications

Books

A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, London: Constable, 1st edition 1974, pp. xii + 365; 2nd ed. 1980, pp. xvi + 416; 3rd ed. 1988, pp. xvi + 453; 4th ed. 2002, pp. xx + 732

Roman Forts: an illustrated introduction to the garrison posts of Roman Britain, London: Bergstom and Boyle 1980, pp. 96

Piazza Armerina [Archaeological Sites series] London and Austin, TX: Granada Publications and University of Texas Press 1983, pp. 124

Sicily under the Roman Empire: the archaeology of a Roman province, 36 B.C. – A.D. 535, Warminster: Aris and Phillips 1990, pp. x + 452

Caddeddi on the Tellaro. A late Roman villa in Sicily and its mosaics [Bulletin Antieke Beschaving Supplement 28], Leuven, Paris and Bristol, CT: Peeters 2016, pp. viii + 200

Editor, From River Trent to Raqqa: Nottingham University archaeological fieldwork in Britain, Europe and the Middle East 1991-1995, Nottingham: Department of Archaeology, University of Nottingham 1996, pp. 104

Editor, Roman Maryport and its setting: essays in memory of Michael G. Jarrett, Maryport: Trustees of the Senhouse Museum 1997, pp. 168

Editor (with J. D. Creighton), Roman Germany: studies in cultural interaction (JRA supplementary series 32), Portsmouth RI: Journal of Roman Archaeology 1999, pp. 248

Editor (with I. D. Caruana), Romans on the Solway: essays in honour of Richard Bellhouse, Kendal: Trustees of the Senhouse Museum 2004, pp. 232

Editor, Romanitas. Essays on Roman archaeology in honour of Sheppard Frere on the occasion of his ninetieth birthday, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006, pp. xxx + 232

Complete List of Published Work

1975

1. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, London: Constable 1975, pp. xii + 365 (with a foreword by Professor J. M. C. Toynbee)

1976

2. Review of M. I. Finley and H. W. Pleket, The Olympic Games: the first thousand years (1976), in Hermathena 120 (1976), 78–80

3. Review of M. Grant, The Fall of the Roman Empire – a reappraisal (1976), in Hermathena 120 (1976), 86–88

1977

4. ‘Interventi’ at the Fourth Congresso Internazionale di Studi sulla Sicilia Antica, in Kokalos 22–23 (1976–1977), 585–586 and 694–696

5. Review of J. Liversidge, Everyday Life in the Roman Empire (1976), in Antiquity 51 (1977), 247–248

1979

6. ‘Brick and tile in Roman Sicily’, in A. McWhirr (ed.), Roman Brick and Tile, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports 1979, 11–43

7. Contributions on Roman Britain to The Past all around us, London: Reader’s Digest 1979, 12–13, 42–43, 76, 94–95, 100, 152–153, 234, 250–251 and 404–405, and entries in the gazeteer on all Romano–British sites

1980

8. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, 2nd. edition, London: Constable 1980, pp. xvi + 416

9. Roman Forts: an illustrated introduction to the garrison posts of Roman Britain,  London: Bergstom and Boyle 1980, pp. 96

10. ‘On the date of the Roman amphitheatre at Syracuse’, in Miscellanea di studi classici in onore di Eugenio Manni, Rome: Giorgio Bretschneider 1980, 2217–2230

11. ‘Field Survey at Heraclea Minoa (Agrigento), Sicily’, Journal of Field Archaeology 7 (1980), 219–239 (with A. Leonard Jr.)

12. Review article on Roman Spain, of J. M. Blazquez, Ciclos y temas de la Historia de Espana: la Romanizacion (1974); id., Historia Social y Economica de la Espana Romana. Siglos III–V (1975); id., ‘Ciudedas Hispanas de la epoca de Augusto’ (1976); id., Economia de la Hispania Romana (1978); id., Diccionario de las Religiones Preromanas de Hispania (1975); id., Imagen y Mito (1977), in Hermathena 128 (1980), 57–63

1981

13. ‘Heraclea Minoa and its hinterland in classical antiquity’, in G. Barker and R. Hodges (eds.), Archaeology and Italian Society: Papers in Italian Archaeology II, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports 1981, 249–260

14. ‘Mosaics, mosaicists and patrons’, Journal of Roman Studies 71 (1981), 173–177

15. ‘Sardinia and Sicily during the Roman Empire: aspects of the archaeological evidence’, Kokalos 26–27 (1980–1981), 219–242

16. ‘Eraclea Minoa. Ricerche nel territorio’, ibid. 656–667

1982

17. ‘Roman mosaics in Sicily: the African connection’, American Journal of Archaeology 86 (1982), 413–428

18. ‘Una villa romana a Montallegro (Agrigento)’, Sicilia Archeologica xv, 48 (1982), 7–20

19. ‘Archaeology in Sicily, 1977–81’, Archaeological Reports 28 (1981–1982), 84–105

20. ‘Mosaic conservation: Piazza Armerina’, Mosaic 6 (1982), 18–19

1983

21. Piazza Armerina (Archaeological Sites series), London: Granada Publications, and and Austin, TX: University of Texas Press 1983, pp. 124

22. ‘Luxury retreat, fourth-century style: a millionaire aristocrat in late Roman Sicily’, Opus 2 (1983), 537–552

23. Review of G. Rickman, The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome (1980), in Hermathena 134 (1983), 85–89

1984

24. Review of A. Griffin, Sikyon (1982), in Hermathena 137 (1984), 53–56

1985

25. ‘Changes in the pattern of urban settlement in Roman, Byzantine and Arab Sicily’, in C. Malone and S. Stoddart (eds.), Papers in Italian Archaeology IV.i, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports 1985, 313–344

26. ‘Un insediamento agricolo romano a Castagna (comune di Cattolica Eraclea, AG)’, Sicilia Archeologica xviii, 57–58 (1985), 11–35

27. ‘Roman Britain’, ‘Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall’, ‘Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum)’, ‘Corsica and Sardinia’ and ‘Roman Sicily’, in R. J. A. Talbert (ed.), Atlas of Classical History, London: Croom Helm 1985, 130–135 and 146–149

28. Review of E. Manni, Geografia fisica e politica della Sicilia antica (1981), in Journal of Roman Studies 75 (1985), 296–299

29. Review of D. von Boeselager, Antike Mosaiken in Sizilien (1983), in Journal of Roman Studies 75 (1985), 299–301

1986

30. ‘Roman art and architecture’, in J. Boardman, J. Griffin and O. Murray (eds.), The Oxford History of the Classical World, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1986, 771–806

31. Review of R. Meiggs, Trees and Timber in the ancient Mediterranean world (1982), in Hermathena 140 (1986), 74–78

1987

32. ‘Reading history: Britain as a province of Rome’, History Today 38 (August 1987), 47–51

33. Review of J. Humphrey, Roman Circuses (1986), in Journal of Roman Studies 77 (1987), 206–210

34. Review of J. M. Blazquez and M. A. Mezquiriz, Mosaicos Romanos de Navara (1985), in Gnomon 59 (1987), 433–437

35. Review of K. T. Erim, Aphrodisias (1986), in New York Times Review of Books, 1st. March 1987

1988

36. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, 3rd. edition, London: Constable 1988, pp. xvi + 453

37. ‘The Western Greeks’, in J. Boardman (ed.), Cambridge Ancient History, new edition: plates to volume IV – Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean c. 525–479 B.C., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1988, 179–201

38. ‘Roman art and architecture’, in J. Boardman, J. Griffin and O. Murray (eds.), The Roman World, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1988, 361–400 (expanded version of 1986 essay)

39. ‘Towns of Sicily under the Roman Empire’, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, II.11.1, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter 1988, 90–206

40. ‘Trade and industry in Sicily under the Roman Empire’, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, II.11.1, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter 1988, 207–305

41. ‘A wandering inscription from Rome and the so–called Gymnasium at Syracuse’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 71 (1988), 161–166

42. ‘Archaeology in Sicily, 1982–7’, Archaeological Reports 34 (1987–1988), 105–150

43. ‘Ancient granite quarries on the Bocche di Bonifacio’, in N. Herz and M. Waelkens (eds.), Classical Marble: geochemistry, technology, trade (NATO ASI series E, 153), Dordrecht 1988, 103–112

44. ‘Piazza Armerina and the senatorial aristocracy in late Roman Sicily’, in G. Rizza (ed.), La Villa Romana del Casale di Piazza Armerina, Catania 1988, 170–182 (also interventi in the same volume: 136–137 and 192–193)

45. ‘Eraclea Minoa. Gli scavi eseguiti nel territorio negli anni 1980–1983’, Kokalos 30–31 (1984–1985) [published 1988], 489–500

46. Review of H. Mielsch, Die römische Villa: Architektur und Lebensform (1987), in Journal of Roman Studies 78 (1988), 244–245

47. Review of J. Wacher, The Roman Empire (1987), in Antiquity 62 (1988), 405–406

1989

48. Review of O. Brogan and D. J. Smith, Ghirza: a Libyan settlement in the Roman period (1988), in Antiquity 63 (1989), 173

49. Review of H. Jouffroy, La construction publique en Italie et dans l’Afrique romaine (1986), in Classical Review 39 (1989), 346–348

1990

50. Sicily under the Roman Empire: the archaeology of a Roman province, 36 B.C. – A.D. 535,  Warminster: Aris and Phillips, pp. x + 452

51. ‘Granite quarrying in the Straits of Bonifacio’, in Akten des XIII Internationalen Kongesses für Klassische Archäologie, Berlin 1988, Mainz 1990, 341–342

52. ‘Roman architecture in a Greek world: the example of Sicily’, in M. Henig (ed.), Architecture and architectural sculpture in the Roman Empire, Oxford 1990, 67–90

53. Review of C. Balmelle, Recueil Général des mosaiques de la Gaule IV: Province d’Aquitaine II (1987), in Bonner Jahrbücher 190 (1990), 739–742

1991

54. ‘Roman art and architecture’, in J. Boardman, J. Griffin and O. Murray (eds.), The Roman World, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1991, 413–448 (updated version of 1986/1988 essay)

1992

55. ‘Tubi fittili (vaulting tubes): on their origin and distribution’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 5 (1992), 97–129

56. Review of M. Millett, The Romanization of Britain (1990), in Journal of Roman Studies 72 (1992), 290–293

57. Review of N. H. and A. Ramage, The Cambridge Illustrated History ogf Roman Art (1991), Hermathena 152 (Summer 1992), 95–99

1993

58. ‘Les tubes de voûte en terre cuite dans l’Empire romain’, Bulletin de l’Association pour l’Antiquité tardive 2 (1992), 90–104

59. ‘La Sicilia’, in A. Carandini, L. Cracco Ruggini and A. Giardina (eds.), Storia di Roma III.2: il tardo impero. I luoghi e le culture, Turin: Einaudi Editori, 279–298

60. Review of A. Peschlow-Bindokat, Die Steinbrüche von Selinunt. Die Cava di Cusa und die Cava di Barone (1990), in Classical Review 43 (1993), 374–376

1994

61. ‘Sikelia’, in L. Kahil (ed.), Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, VII.1, Munich and Zürich: Artemis Verlag 1994, 759–761

62. ‘The mosaic’, in T. W. Potter (ed.), Excavations at Cherchell (Algeria), 1977–81 [6th Supplément to Bulletin d’Archéologie algérienne], Algiers 1994, 125–130

63. Review of A. L. F. Rivet, Gallia Narbonensis (1988) in Bonner Jahrbücher 194 (1994), 687–692

64. Review of R. R. Holloway, The Archaeology of Ancient Sicily (1991), for Journal of Hellenic Studies 114 (1994), 217–218

1995

65. ‘Carthaginian, Numidian and Roman’, in T. Phillips (ed.), Africa: the art of a continent, London: Royal Academy of Arts, and Munich and New York: Prestel 1995, 536–538 and 553–558

66. ‘The Castagna and Campanaio Roman agricultural settlements project, central southern Sicily’, Papers of the British School at Rome 63 (1995), 259–260

67. Review of L. Richardson, A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome (1993), and M. Steinby, Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae I (1993), in Journal of Roman Studies 85 (1995), 251–253

1996

68. Editor, From River Trent to Raqqa: Nottingham University archaeological fieldwork in Britain, Europe and the Middle East 1991–1995, Nottingham: Department of Archaeology, University of Nottingham 1996, pp. 104

69. ‘Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica’, in A. Bowman et al. (eds.), Cambridge Ancient History, new edition, volume X (31 B.C. – A.D. 70), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1996, 434–48

70. ‘Archaeology in Sicily 1988–95’, Archaeological Reports for 1995–1996, London: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1996, 59–123

71. ‘Tot aquarum tam multis necessariis molibus . . . Recent studies on aqueducts and water supply’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 9 (1996), 5–29

72. ‘Nuovi scavi all’ insediamento agricolo ellenistico–romano di Castagna (AG), 1993’, Quaderni del Istituto di Archeologia della Università di Messina 8 (1993) [publ. 1996], 29–49

73. ‘Rural life in Roman Sicily: excavations at Castagna and Campanaio’, in R. J. A. Wilson (ed.), From River Trent to Raqqa, Nottingham: University of Nottingham 1996, 24–41

74. ‘La topografia della Catania romana. Problemi e prospettive’, in B. Gentili, ed., Catania antica: atti del convegno della Società Italiana per lo studio dell’antichità classica [Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura classica. Atti di Convegno 6], Pisa and Rome 1996, 149–173

75. ‘A portable altar fragment from Dragonby’, in J. May, Excavations at Dragonby, Oxford: Oxbow Books 1996, 377–378

76. ‘Capreae’, ‘Cosa’, ‘Ghirza’, ‘Mahdia shipwreck’, ‘Numidia’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Puteoli’ and ‘Santa Maria Capua Vetere’, in J. Turner, ed., The Macmillan Dictionary of Art, London: Macmillan 1996, V, 685–686; VII, 917; XII, 557; XX, 105–106; XXIII, 299–300; XXIV, 699–702; XXV, 747–748; and XXVII, 781

77. ‘Carthage’ in B. M. Fagan (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press 1996, 119–120

78. ‘The Roman frontier’ in B. M. Fagan (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press 1996, 610–612

79. ‘Acrae’, ‘Acragas’, ‘Aetna (1)’, ‘Aetna (2)’, ‘Africa, Roman’, ‘Ammaedara’, ‘Atlas Mountains’, ‘Bulla Regia’, ‘Byzacium’, ‘Camarina’, ‘Capsa’, ‘Carthage’, ‘Catana’, ‘Cirta’, ‘Cuicul’, ‘Eryx’, ‘Gela’, ‘Hadrumetum’, ‘Himera’, ‘Hippo Regius’, ‘Lambaesis’, ‘Leontinoi’, ‘Lepcis Magna’, ‘Lilybaeum’, ‘Madauros’, ‘Mauretania’, ‘Megara Hyblaea’, ‘Morgantina’, ‘Motya’, ‘Naxos (2)’, ‘Numidia’, ‘Oea’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Sabratha’, ‘Segesta’, ‘Selinus’, ‘Sicca Veneria’, ‘Sicily’, ‘Simitthus’, ‘Sufetula’, ‘Syracuse’, ‘Tauromenium’, ‘Thamugadi’, ‘Theveste’, ‘Thubursicum Numidarum’, ‘Thugga’, ‘Thysdrus’, ‘Tingis’, ‘Tipasa’, ‘Tripolitania’, ‘Utica’ , ‘Uthina’, ‘Volubilis’, ‘Zama’ , in S. Hornblower and A. J. Spawforth, eds, The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1996, pp. 9, 31, 34–35, 72–73, 208, 265, 266, 282, 289, 295–296, 302–303, 333, 412, 557–558, 627, 663–664, 707, 709–710, 812, 844, 844–845, 861–862, 907, 939, 951, 995–996, 998, 1031, 1054, 1061, 1182, 1342, 1379, 1382, 1401, 1401–1403, 1408–1409, 1453, 1463–1464, 1477, 1491–1492, 1512–1513, 1516, 1521, 1522, 1530, 1533, 1574–1575, 1612 and 1633

1997

80. Editor, Roman Maryport and its setting: essays in memory of Michael G. Jarrett, Maryport: Trustees of the Senhouse Museum 1997, pp. 168

81. ‘Maryport from the first to the fourth centuries: some current problems’, in R. J. A. Wilson (ed.), Roman Maryport and its setting, Maryport 1997, 17–39

82. La Sicilia romana: tra arte e storia, Palermo: Edizioni Ariete 1997, pp. 32

83. ‘Vaulting tube’, in T. W. Potter and A. C. King, Excavations at the Mola di Monte Gelato [Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome 11], Rome 1997, 234–235

84. ‘Trinakros’, in L. Kahil (ed.), Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae VIII, Munich and Zürich: Artemis Verlag 1997, 55

1998

85. ‘Africa, Roman’, ‘Carthage’, ‘Sicily’ and ‘Syracuse’, in S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth (eds.), The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1998, 12–14, 141–144, 663–665 and 698–699

1999

86. Editor (with J. D. Creighton), Roman Germany: studies in cultural interaction [JRA supplementary series 32], Portsmouth R. I.: Journal of Roman Archaeology 1999, pp. 248

87. ‘Introduction: recent research on Roman Germany,’ in R. J. A. Wilson and J. D.Creighton (eds.), Roman Germany: studies in cultural interaction, Portsmouth, R. I. 1999, 9–34 (with J. D. Creighton)

88. ‘Sicilian Naxian wine amphoras: a new look at wine in north Africa’ [paper presented to 100th Annual Meeting of the AIA, 27 December 1998], American Journal of Archaeology 103 (1999), 268 [abstract] (with J. Freed)

89. ‘The circuit walls of Syracuse’, in C. Scarre (ed.), The Seventy Wonders of the ancient world: the great monuments and how they were built, London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. 1999, 210–211

90. ‘The Campanaio Roman agricultural project,’ Papers of the British School at Rome 67 (1999), 421–423

2000

91. ‘On the trail of the triskeles: from the Macdonald Institute to archaic Greek Sicily’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 10 (2000), 35–61

92. ‘Campanaio – an agricultural settlement in Roman Sicily’, Antiquity 74 (2000), 289–290

93. ‘Rural settlement in hellenistic and Roman Sicily: excavations at Campanaio (AG), 1994–1998’, Papers of the British School at Rome 68 (2000), 337–369

94. ‘Iscrizioni su manufatti siciliani in età ellenistico-romana’, in G. Nenci (ed.), Sicilia epigrafica [Atti del Convegno di Erice 15–18 ottobre 1998] (Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore diPisa4, Quaderni 1999.1–2), Pisa 2000, 531–556

95. ‘Ciceronian Sicily: an archaeological perspective’, in C. Smith and J. Serrati (eds.), Sicily from Aeneas to Augustus: new approaches in archaeology and history, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2000, 134–160

96. ‘Sicilia’, map and accompanying lists and bibliography in R. J. A. Talbert (ed.), The Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton: Princeton University Press 2000, Map 47 of Map Volume, and Map-by-Map Directory, Volume 1, 709–735

2001

97. ‘Aqueducts and water supply in Greek and Roman Sicily: the present status quaestionis’, in G. C. M. Jansen (ed.), Cura Aquarum in Sicilia. Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region, Syracuse, May 16–22, 1998 [Bulletin Antieke Beschaving Supplement 5], Leiden: Stichtung BABesch 2000 [publ. 2001], 5–36

98. ‘Why did the Carthaginians sacrifice children?’, ‘The mysteries of Mithraism’, and ‘The lost tomb of Alexander the Great’, in B. Fagan, ed., The seventy great mysteries of the ancient world, London: Thames and Hudson 2001, 173–176, 193–196 and 223–226

99. Review of J. T. Peña et al, Carthage Papers [JRA Suppementary volume 28] and H. Hurst, The Sanctuary of Tanit at Carthage [JRA Suppementary volume 30], for JRS x91 (2001), 198–200

2002

100. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, 4th. edition, London: Constable 2002, pp. xx + 732

101. ‘Vita rurale nella Sicilia ellenistico-romana: l’insediamento di Campanaio’, Kalos xiii.4 (October/December 2001) [publ. 2002], 24–31

102. ‘Roman vaulting tubes (tubi fittili) from Chesters’, Archaeologia Aeliana30 (2002), 180–185

103. ‘Presentazione’ in F. S. Brancato & R. Mingoia, Piazza Armerina: apud thermas apud Hennam. La cosidetta villa romana del Casale, Comiso: Documenta 2002, 11–13

104. Review of A. Oxé, H. Comfort and P. Kenrick (eds.), Corpus Vasorum Arretinorum, 2nd. ed. 2001, for Journal of Roman Studies 92 (2002), 212–214

2003

105. ‘From Palma di Montechiaro to the Isle Of Man: the use of the triskeles in antiquity and after’, in G. Fiorentini, M. Caltabiano and A. Calderone, eds, Archeologia nel Mediterraneo: studi in onore di Ernesto De Miro, Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider 2003, 721–747

106. ‘A group of Roman house-tombs at Tauromenium (Taormina)’, in G. M. Bacci and M. C. Martinelli (eds.), Studi classici in onore di Luigi Bernabò Brea [Quaderni del Museo Archeologico Regionale Eoliano “Luigi Bernabò Brea”, Supplemento 2], Palermo: Regione Siciliana 2003, 247–274

107. ‘Journeymen’s jottings: two Roman inscriptions from Hadrian’s Wall’, Archaeologia Aeliana5 32 (2003), 25–35

108. ‘The Rudston Venus mosaic revisited: a spear-bearing lion?’, Britannia 34 (2003), 288–291

109. ‘Roman vaulting tubes (tubi fittili) from Chesters: an addendum’, Archaeologia Aeliana32(2003), 192–193

110. Review of S. Ellis, Roman houses (2000) for Journal of Roman Archaeology 16 (2003), 582–584

2004

111. Editor (with I. D. Caruana) Romans on the Solway: essays in honour of Richard Bellhouse,Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, Kendal, for the Trustees of the Senhouse Museum, Maryport, pp. 232

112. ‘Introduction: the Roman frontier on the Solway’, in R. J. A. Wilson and I. D. Caruana (eds.), Romans on the Solway, Kendal 2004), 19–38

113. ‘The Roman ‘Officer’s Tomb’ at High Rochester revisited’, Archaeologia Aeliana33 (2004), 25–33

114. ‘Two Romano-British mosaic inscriptions reconsidered’, Mosaic 31 (2004), 18–22

2005

115. ‘On the identification of the figure in the south apse of the Great Hunt corridor at Piazza Armerina’, Sicilia Antiqua 1 (2004) [publ. 2005], 153–170

116. ‘Jos De Waele: his contribution to classical archaeology’, in S. Mols and E. Moorman (eds.), Omni pede stare. Saggi architettonici e circumvesuviani in memoriam Jos de Waele, Naples: Electa 2005, 9–17

117. ‘On the origins of the Roman civic basilica: the Egyptian connection’, in S. Mols and E. Moorman (eds.), Omni pede stare. Saggi architettonici e circumvesuviani in memoriam Jos de Waele, Naples: Electa 2005, 129–139

118. ‘La sopravvivenza di cultura punica nella Sicilia romana’, in A. Spanò Giamellaro (ed.), Atti del V Congresso Internazionale di Studi fenici e punici, Marsala–Palermo, 2–8 ottobre 2000, Palermo, 907–917

2006

119. Editor, Romanitas. Essays on Roman archaeology in honour of Sheppard Frere on the occasion of his nintieth birthday, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006, pp. xxx + 232

120. ‘Sheppard Sunderland Frere: an appreciation’, in R. J. A. Wilson (ed.), Romanitas. Essays on Roman archaeology in honour of Sheppard Frere on the occasion of his ninetieth birthday, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006, vii–viii

121. ‘Early defences and civic status in Roman Britain’ in R. J. A. Wilson (ed.), Romanitas. Essays on Roman archaeology in honour of Sheppard Frere on the occasion of his ninetieth birthday, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006, 1–47

122. ‘Aspects of iconography in Romano-British mosaics: the Rudston ‘aquatic’ scene and the Brading astronomer revisited’, Britannia 37 (2006), 295–336

123. ‘What’s new in Roman Baden-Württemberg?’, Journal of Roman Studies 96 (2006), 198–212

124. ‘Settlement patterns in south-east Sicily in Roman and late Roman times’, in F. P. Rizzo (ed.), Da abitato in abitato. In itinere fra le più antiche testimonianze cristiane degli Iblei [Atti del Convegno Internazionel di Studi, Ragusa–Catania, 3–5 April 2003], Pisa and Rome: Istituti editoriali e poligrafici internazionali 2005 [publ. 2006], 223-238

125. ‘Postilla’, in F. P. Rizzo (ed.), Da abitato in abitato. In itinere fra le più antiche testimonianze cristiane degli Iblei [Atti del Convegno Internazionel di Studi, Ragusa–Catania, 3–5 April 2003], Pisa and Rome: Istituti editoriali e poligrafici internazionali 2005 [publ. 2006], 163–167

126. ‘The Flawborough lead tank’, in E. Hartley, J. Hawkes, M. Henig and F. Mee (eds.), Constantine the Great: York’s Roman Emperor, York: Yorkshire Museums Trust, and Aldershot and Burlington: Lund Humphries 2006, 208–209 (no. 195)

127. ‘A life of luxury in late Roman Sicily: the villa of Piazza Armerina’, Minerva 17.1 (January/February 2006), 40–43

128. ‘Architects’, ‘architecture (Greek and Roman)’, ‘Augst’, ‘basilica’, ‘Capri’, ‘Corsica’, ‘domes’, ‘Motya’, ‘orders, architectural’, ‘palaces’, ‘Pantheon’, ‘Sicily’, ‘Syracuse’, ‘Thugga’, ‘Timgad’, ‘Utica’, in G. Shipley, J. Vanderspoel, D. Mattingly and L. Foxhall, eds, The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2006, 68–69, 69–72, 109–110, 123, 162–163, 238, 280–281, 593, 629–630, 638, 641, 819–821, 853–854, 887, 890–891 and 916

2007

129. ‘Algeria: Numidians and Romano-Africans in a forgotten land’, Minerva 18.6 (2007), 36–40

130. ‘Foreword’, in A. Neville, Mountains of silver and rivers of gold: the Phoenicians in Iberia [UBC Studies in the Ancient World Volume 1], Oxford: Oxbow Books for the Department of Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, UBC, 2007, 7–8

131. Review of F. P. Rizzo, Sicilia cristiana dal I al V secolo. Volume Primo. Testimonia Siciliae Antiquae I.14; Supplementi a Kokalos 17 (Rome 2005) and id., Gli albori della Sicilia cristiana. Secoli I-V. Temi e luoghi del mondo antico 17 (Bari 2005), in Bryn Mawr Classical Review

2008

132. ‘Chiese paleocristiane in Sicilia: problemi e prospettive’, Kokalos 47–48 (2001–2002) [published 2008], 145–168

133. ‘Sublime Silin: a luxury Roman villa on the Libyan coastline’, Minerva 19.4 (July/August 2008), 45–49

134. ‘Vivere in villa: rural residences of the Roman rich in Italy’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 21 (2008), 477–488

135. ‘Roman domestic tomb and feasting room found in Sicily’, Minerva 19.5 (September/October 2008), 3–4

2009

136. ‘An early Byzantine ‘élite’ tomb in a domestic context at Kaukana, Sicily’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 22 (2009), 412–415

137. ‘Aithiopia’, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. Supplementum2009, Dusseldorf: Artemis Verlag 2009, vol. 1, 38–39 (with plates in vol. 2, 25)

138. ‘Sikelia’, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. Supplementum2009, Dusseldorf: Artemis Verlag 2009, vol. 1, 450

2010

139.‘Villa’, in M. Gagarin (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, volume 7, 179–181

140. ‘Life and death in early Byzantine Sicily’, Minerva 21.6 (November/December 2010), 34–37

141. ‘Banquets for the dead: new discoveries in early Byzantine Sicily’, Current World Archaeology 44 (December 2010), 38–45

2011

142. ‘Funerary feasting in early Byzantine Sicily: new evidence from Kaukana’, American Journal of Archaeology 115 (2011), 263–302 [with appendices by J.W. Hayes and C. L. Sulosky]

143. ‘Il sito bizantino di Kaukana’, Kalos xxiii.1 (January–March 2011), 38–42

144. ‘Leben und Sterben im frühbyzantinischen Sizilien. Neue Erkenntnisse aus Kaukana’, Antike Welt 5.2011, 68–75

145. ‘The fourth-century villa at Piazza Armerina (Sicily) in its wider imperial context: a review of some aspects of recent research’, in G. von Bülow and H. Zabehlicky (eds.), Bruckneudorf und Gamzigrad. Spätantike Paläste und Großvillen im Donau-Balkan-Raum. Akten des Internationalen Kolloquiums in Bruckneudorf vom 15. bis 18. Oktober 2008. Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte Band 15 (= Sonderschriften des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts Band 45), Bonn: Habelt 2011, 55–87

146. ‘Neue Forschungen an der Domus Aurea’, Antike Welt 5.2011, 6

147. ‘Foreword’, in J. Freed, Bringing Carthage Home. The excavations of Nathan Davis, 1856–1859, UBC Studies in the Ancient World 2, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2011, 7–8

148. Review of P. Wright, Snakes, Sands and Silphium. Travels in Classical Libya (2011) in Libyan Studies 42 (2011), 154–155

2012

149. ‘Agorai and fora in Hellenistic and Roman Sicily: the present status questionis’, in C. Ampolo (ed.), Agora greca e agorai di Sicilia, Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa 2012, 245–267 and pls. 269–303

150. ‘Acrae’, ‘Acragas’, ‘Aetna (1)’, ‘Aetna (2)’, ‘Africa, Roman’, ‘Ammaedara’, ‘Atlas Mountains’, ‘Bulla Regia’, ‘Byzacium’, ‘Camarina’, ‘Capsa’, ‘Carthage’, ‘Catana’, ‘Cirta’, ‘Cuicul’, ‘Eryx’, ‘Gela’, ‘Hadrumetum’, ‘Himera’, ‘Hippo Regius’, ‘Lambaesis’, ‘Leontinoi’, ‘Lepcis Magna’, ‘Lilybaeum’, ‘Madauros’, ‘Mauretania’, ‘Megara Hyblaea’, ‘Morgantina’, ‘Motya’, ‘Naxos (2)’, ‘Numidia’, ‘Oea’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Sabratha’, ‘Segesta’, ‘Selinus’, ‘Sicca Veneria’, ‘Sicily’, ‘Simitthus’, ‘Sufetula’, ‘Syracuse’, ‘Tauromenium’, ‘Thamugadi’, ‘Theveste’, ‘Thubursicum Numidarum’, ‘Thugga’, ‘Thysdrus’, ‘Tingis’, ‘Tipasa’, ‘Tripolitania’, ‘Uthina’, ‘Utica’, ‘Volubilis’, ‘Zama’, in S. Hornblower, A. J. Spawforth and E. Eidinow (eds.), The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012, 9, 30–31, 33–34, 70, 200, 255, 256, 271–272, 278, 283–285, 291, 320, 396–397, 537, 606, 642, 685, 689, 790, 820–821, 837, 881, 913, 925, 968, 971, 1004, 1026, 1033, 1147, 1304, 1340, 1342–1343, 1361–1363, 1368, 1410, 1420–1421, 1434, 1448–1449, 1468–1469, 1472, 1477–1478, 1485, 1508, 1529–1530, 1564, 1586

151. ‘Mogontiacum (Mainz)’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Vetera (Birten, Germany)’, ‘Xanten, Germany’ in R. S. Bagnall, K. Brodersen, C. B. Champion, A. Erskine and S. R. Huebner (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, Oxford: Blackwells 2012, 4561–4562, 5321–5322, 6978–6979 and 7142–7143

152. ‘Carthage’ and ‘Roman Empire: the Roman frontier’ in N. A. Silberman (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd edition 2012, vol. 1, 260–262 and vol. 3, 44–48

2013

153. ‘Life, death and dining: UBC excavations at Punta Secca (RG), Sicily’, Mouseion 10.2 (2010) [publ. 2013], 119–167

154. ‘Sicily, c. 300 BC–133 BC’, in C. Smith (ed.), The Cambridge Ancient History, new edition: plates to volumes VIII.2 to IX (500–133 BC), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013, 156–196

155. ‘Carthage and her neighbours’, in C. Smith (ed.), The Cambridge Ancient History, new edition: plates to volumes VIII.2 to IX (500–133 BC), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013, 197–241

156.  ‘Hellenistic Sicily, c. 270–100 BC’, in J. Prag and J. Quinn (eds.), The Hellenistic West, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013, 79–119

157. ‘An unusual early-Byzantine ‘thrice-holy’ inscription and accompanying design from Punta Secca, Sicily’, Phoenix 67.1–2 (2013), 163–181

158. ‘Becoming Roman overseas? Sicily and Sardinia in the later Roman Republic’, in J. DeRose Evans (ed.), Blackwells Companion to Roman Republican Archaeology, Oxford: Wiley Blackwells 2013, 485–504

159. Review of R. Bonacasa Carra and F. Ardizzone (eds), Agrigento da Tardo Antico al Medioevo (2007), for Mouseion 10.2 (2010) [publ. 2013], 322–326

2014

160. ‘Tile-stamps of Philippianus in late Roman Sicily: a talking signum or evidence for horse-raising?’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 27 (2014), 472–486

161. ‘Il banchetto funerario nella Sicilia della prima età bizantina: nuove attestazioni da Kaukana’, Sicilia Antiqua 11 (2014), 541–591 [with appendices by J. W. Hayes and C. L. Solosky Weaver]

162. ‘La villa tardoromana di Caddeddi sul fiume Tellaro (SR) e i suoi mosaici’, in P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica. Atti del Convegno internazionale del Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sull’Edilizia nel Mediterraneo (CISEM) (Piazza Armerina, 7–10 novembre 2012), Bari: Edipuglia 2014, 37–46

163. ‘Punta Secca (‘Kaukana’): gli scavi canadesi 2008–2010′, in P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica. Atti del Convegno internazionale del Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sull’Edilizia nel Mediterraneo (CISEM) (Piazza Armerina, 7–10 novembre 2012), Bari: Edipuglia 2014, 53–59

164. ‘La villa romana di Gerace: primi risultati della ricerca geofisica’, in P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica. Atti del Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sull’Edilizia nel Mediterraneo (CISEM) (Piazza Armerina, 7–10 novembre 2012), Bari: Edipuglia 2014, 95–101

165. ‘Considerazioni conclusive’ in P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica. Atti del Convegno internazionale del Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sull’Edilizia nel Mediterraneo (CISEM) (Piazza Armerina, 7–10 novembre 2012), Bari: Edipuglia 2014, 691–702

166. ‘Funerary Dining in Early Byzantine Sicily: archaeobotanical evidence from Kaukana’, Mediterranean Archaeology 25 (2012) [publ. 2014], 81–93 [with J. Ramsay]

167. ‘Probable atretic cephalocele in an adult female from Punta Secca, Sicily’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 24.6 (2014), 747–756 [with C. Sulosky Weaver]

2015

168. ‘The western Roman provinces’, in B. E. Borg (ed.), A Companion to Roman Art, Malden, Oxford and Chichester: Wiley Blackwell 2015, 496–530

169. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2013 season’, Mouseion 12 (2012; publ. 2015), 175–230

170. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2013’, Sicilia Antiqua 12 (2015), 129–162

171. ‘On the personification in the Hunt mosaic at the Roman villa of Caddeddi on the Tellaro, Sicily’, Mosaic 42 (2015), 29–41

172. ‘The lady with the hole in her head: a Sicilian mystery, 1400 years ago’, Roman Archaeology Group Magazine (Perth) 10.2 (2015), 6–10

173. ‘Roman Sicily and the sea’, in D. Burgersdijk, R. Calis, J. Kelder, A. Sofroniew, S. Tusa and R. van Beek (eds.), Sicily and the Sea, catalogue for the international exhibition in

Amsterdam, Oxford, Palermo, Copenhagen and Bonn, Amsterdam: WBooks and Allard Pearson Museum 2015, 107–111

174. ‘Sheppard Sunderland Frere’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 28 (2015), 968–973

175. Review of S. Frey-Kupper, Die antiken Fundmünzen vom Monte Iato 1971–1990: Ein Beitrag zur Geldgeschichte Westsiziliens, 2 vols., Éditions du Zèbre: Prahins, 2013, in Journal of Roman Archaeology 28 (2015), 554–558

2016

176. Caddeddi on the Tellaro. A late Roman villa in Sicily and its mosaics, Bulletin Antieke Beschaving Supplement 28, Peeters: Leuven, Paris and Bristol, CT 2016, pp. viii + 200

177. ‘On early thimbles: a seventh-century-AD example from Punta Secca, Sicily, in context’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 35 (2016), 413–432

178. ‘Sheppard Sunderland Frere, 1916–2015’, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the British Academy 15 (2016), 247–276

179. ‘La Sicilia romana e il mare,’ in S. Tusa (ed.), Mirabilia maris: tesori dei mari di Sicilia. Catalogo della mostra, Palermo: Regione Siciliana 2016, 77–83

2017

180. Dining with the dead in early Byzantine Sicily. Excavations at Punta Secca near Ragusa (Eleventh BABESCH Byvanck Lecture), Leiden: BABESCH Foundation 2017, pp. 38

181. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2015 season’, Mouseion 14 (2017), 253–316

182. ‘Sui primi ditali: un esempio del VII sec. d.C. da Punta Secca (RG) e il suo contesto’, in G. G. Mellusi and R. Moscheo (eds.), Ktema eis aei. Studi in memoria di Giacomo Scibona, Messina: Società Messinese di Storia Patria, Messina 2017, 489–514

183. Review of E. Fentress, C. Goodson and M. Maiuro (eds.), Villa Magna: an imperial estate and its legacies. Excavations 2006–2010 (Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome 23), London: British School at Rome 2016, in Antiquity 91 (2017), 1676–1677

2018

184. ‘Roman villas in Sicily’, in A, Marzano and G. Métraux (eds.), The Roman Villa in the Mediterranean Basin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2018, 195–219

185. ‘Roman villas in North Africa’, in A, Marzano and G. Métraux (eds.), The Roman Villa in the Mediterranean Basin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2018, 266–307

186. ‘The Indirizzo Roman baths’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 31 (2018), 193–221 [with M. Liuzzo and G. Margani]

187. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2016 season’, Mouseion15 (2018), 219–296

188. ‘Hagios, hagios, hagios: una insolita iscrizione proto-bizantina e il relativo disegno da Punta Secca (RG)’, Sicilia Archeologica  109 (2017 [pub. 2018]), 136–157

189. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2015’, Sicilia Antiqua 15 (2018), 287–314

190. ‘Philippianus e la sua proprietà rurale nella Sicilia tardo romana. Nuovi scavi a Gerace presso Enna’, in O. Belvedere and J. Bergemann (eds.), Römisches Sizilien: Stadt und Land zwischen Monumentalisierung und Ökonomie, Krise und Entwicklung/La Sicilia romana: Città e Territorio tra monumentalizzazione ed economia, crisi e sviluppo/Roman Sicily between Monumentalization and Economy, Crisis and Development, Palermo: Palermo University Press 2019, 165–190

191. ‘Archaeology and earthqukes in late Roman Sicily: unpacking the myth of the terrae motus per totum orbem of AD 365′, in M. A. Bernabò Brea, M. Cultraro, M. Gras, M. C. Martinelli, C. Pouzadoux and U. Spigo (eds.), À Madeleine Cavalier, Collection du Centre Jean Bérard 49, Naples: Centre Jean Bérard 2019, 455–466

192. ‘Philippianus and his rural estate in late Roman Sicily’, Current World Archaeology 89 (June/July 2018), 16–23

193. ‘Selbstdarstellung im römischen Stil: Philippianus und sein Landgut im spätrömischen Sizilien’, Antike Welt 2018.5 (2018), 46–55

194. ‘Gerace update’, Current World Archaeology 92 (December 2018/January 2019), 14–15

195. The Musée de la Romanité’, Current World Archaeology 92 (December 2018/January 2019), 52–55

2019

196. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2017 season’, Mouseion 16 (2019), 249–342

197. ‘Con Philippiano nella tenuta di Gerace’, Archeologia Viva 195 (May/June 2019), 22–39

198. ‘Mosaics at the late Roman estate of Gerace’, Mosaic: Journal of the Association for the Study and Preservation of Roman Mosaics 46 (2019), 17–33

199. ‘Philippianus and his rural estate in late Roman Sicily: recent excavations at Gerace near Enna’, in P. Higgs and D. Booms (eds.), Sicily: Heritage of the World, British Museum Research Publications 222, London: British Museum 2019, 88–101

2020

200. Review of B. Steger, Piazza Armerina. La villa romaine de Casale en Sicile, Paris: Picard 2017, in Bryn Mawr Classical Review March 12th 2020 https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.03.17

201. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2016’, Cronache di Archeologia 38 (2019) [pub. 2020], 299–346

202. ‘A woman with a grave affliction: an archaeological detective story from Punta Secca, Sicily’, Antiqvvs 2.1 (January 2020), 26­–32

203. ‘The baths on the estate of the Philippiani at Gerace, Sicily,’ AJA 124 (2020), 477–510 (with an Appendix by M. Liuzzo), and with on-line image gallery at https://www.ajaonline.org/imagegallery/4143#1

204. ‘Foreword’, in A. Lindhagen, Kale Akte, the Fair Promontory. Settlement, Trade and Productiion on the Nebrodi Coast of Sicily, 500 BC – AD 500 [UBC Studies in the Ancient World 3], Oxford: Oxbow Books 2020, pp. vii–viii

205. ‘Philippianus: a late Roman Sicilian landowner and his use of the monogram’, in A. Gatzke, L. L. Brice and A,. Trundell (eds.), People and Institutions in the Roman Empire. Essays in Memory of Garrett G. Fagan, Leiden and Boston: Brill 2020, 183–229

2021

206. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2018 season’, Mouseion3 17 (2020) [publ. 2021], 95–212

207. ‘The praedia Philippianorum: a late Roman estate at Gerace near Enna’, in C. Prescott, A. Karivieri, P. Campbell, K. Görannsson and S. Tusa (eds.), Trinacria. ‘An Island outside Time’. International Archaeology in Sicily, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2021, 19–32

208. ‘Aspects of identity: Provincia Sicilia during the Roman Empire’, in O. Belvedere and J. Bergemann (eds), Imperium romanum: Romanization between Colonization and Globalization, Palermo: Palermo University Press 2021, 309–332

209. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2017’, Cronache di Archeologia 39 (2020) [publ. 2021], 359–419

210. ‘The late Roman villa of Caddeddi: living in luxury in rural Sicily’, Current World Archaeology 105 (2021), 16–25

211. ‘Pantelleria revealed: the archaeology of Cossyra’. Review article of T. Schäfer, K. Schmidt and M. Osanna (eds.), Cossyra I. Die Ergebnisse der Grabungen auf der Akropolis von Pantelleria/S. Teresa. Der Sakralbereich [Tübinger Archäologische Forschungen 10], 2 vols., pp. 1102, Verlag Marie Liedorf: Rahden 2015, in Mouseion 17.3 (2020) [publ. 2021], 515–545

212. ‘Ancient Sicily in the Mediterranean world: aspects of identity and cultural interaction, 7th century BC to 7th century AD’, in G. Shepherd (ed.), Interaction and Identity. Sicily and South Italy from the Iron Age to Late Antiquity. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology PB 190, series, Nicosia: Astrom Editions 2021, 9–46

2022

213. ‘Using parasite analysis to identify ancient chamber pots: an example of the fifth century CE from Gerace, Sicily, Italy[with S. Rabinow, T. Wang and P. D. Mitchell], Journal of Archaeological Science. Reports https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103349

214. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2019 season’, Mouseion 18 (2021) [published 2022], 379–534

215. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2018’, Cronache di Archeologia 40 (2021) [published 2022], 309–383

216. ‘‘Very beautiful Narbonne’, pulcherrima . . .Narbo (Martial, Epigram 8.72.4)’, Current World Archaeology 119 (2022), 46–51

217. ‘Memories of Sebastiano Tusa,’ in V. Li Vigni Tusa (ed.), Sebastiano Tusa. Una vita per la cultura, Sassari: Carlo Delfino Editore 2021 [published 2022], 85–86

218. ‘Mogontiacum (Mainz)’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Vetera (Birten, Germany)’, ‘Colonia Ulpia Traiana (Xanten, Germany)’, ‘Gerace, Sicily’, ‘Caddeddi, Sicily’, in R. S. Bagnall, K. Brodersen, C. B. Champion, A. Erskine and S. R. Huebner (eds), The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Ancient History (revised edition), published on line 15th June 2022

2023

219. ‘Greek and Punic Sicily’, ‘Corsica’ ‘Sicily (Roman)’, ‘Sardinia’, ‘Britain’, Hadrian’s Wall’, and ‘Antonine Wall’, in R. J. A. Talbert, L. Holman and B. Salway (eds.), Atlas of Classical History: Revised Edition, Abingdon and New York: Routledge 2023, pp. 42–43, 108–113 and 134–136

220. ‘A Roman marble base in Valletta (Malta) featuring a personification of Sicilia’, Sicilia Archeologica 113 (2022) [pub. 2023], 249–265

221. ‘Roman Malta: architecture and archaeology’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 36 (2023), 215–226

222. ‘Pulcherrima Narbo’, Antike Welt 3.23, 84–87

223. ‘Wohnen in Luxus in ländlichen Sizilien: die spätrömische Villa von Caddeddi’, Antike Welt 4.23, 75–83

224. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2019’, Cronache di Archeologia 41 (2022) [pub. 2023], 219–314 [with appendices by D. Tsimbaliouk, R. Veal, T. Wang, S. Rabinow, P. Mitchell e T. Mukai]

225. ‘A forgotten Roman marble base in the National Museum of Archaeology’, in Malta Archaeological Review 13 (2023), https://doi.org/10.46651/mar.2023.2

2024

226. ‘Sicilia’, in B. Burrell (ed.), A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Empire, Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons 2024, 232–256

227. ‘The 10,000-year biocultural history of fallow deer and its implications for conservation policy’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121.8, 2024, e2310051121 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2310051121 [with K. H. Baker, H. Miller, S. Doherty, H. W. I. Gray, J. Daujat, C. Çakırlar, N. Spassov, K. Trantalidou, R. Madgwick, A. L. Lamb, C. Ameen, L. Atici, P. Baker, F. Beglane, H. Benkert, R. Bendrey, A. Binois-Roman, R. F. Carden, A. Curci, B. De Cupere, C. Detry, E. Gál, C. Genies , G. K. Kunst, R. Liddiard, R. Nicholson, S. Perdikaris , J. Peters, F. Pigière, A. G. Pluskowski, P. Sadler, S. Sicard, L. Strid, J. Sudds, R. Symmons, K. Tardio, A. Valenzuela, M. van Veen, S. Vuković, J. Weinstock, B. Wilkens, J. A. Evans, A. R. Hoelzel and N. Sykes]


Awards

Grants, Honours, Prizes

1971 Charles Oldham Scholar, University of Oxford

1971–73 Thomas Witcombe Greene Scholar in Classical Archaeology, University of Oxford

1983–94 Fellow of Trinity College Dublin

1984– Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries

1987–89 Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung Research Fellow, Archäologisches Institut, University of Bonn

1998 Togo Salmon Visiting Professor of Classics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario

2001–02 Balsdon Senior Research Fellow, British School at Rome

2002 Ian Sanders Memorial Lecturer, University of Sheffield

2007 Charles Eliot Norton Lecturer, Archaeological Institute of America

2012 Getty Research Institute Guest Fellow in Residence, Los Angeles

2013 UBC Killam Prize for Research 2012

2017 Dalrymple Lecturer in Archaeology, University of Glasgow/Glasgow Archaeological Society, Scotland

2017 Byvanck Lecturer in Archaeology, National Museum of Antiquities, Leiden, The Netherlands

2021 Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada

2022 Atlantic Provinces Lecturer, Classical Association of Canada

2023 UBC Emeritus College Award for Excellence in Innovative and Creative Endeavours*

*see

https://emerituscollege.ubc.ca/awards-and-support/ubc-emeritus-college-award-excellence-innovative-and-creative-endeavours/past


R J A Wilson

Director, Centre for the Study of Ancient Sicily
Education

BA in Literae Humaniores (Oxford) 1971
MA (Oxford) 1974
MA (Dublin) 1974
DPhil. (Oxford) 1977

About keyboard_arrow_down

Career

1974–94 Trinity College Dublin (Junior Lecturer in Classics, Louis Claude Purser Lecturer in Classical Archaeology; Louis Claude Purser Associate Professor of Classical Archaeology)
1994–2005 Professor of Archaeology, University of Nottingham
2006–2014 Professor of the Archaeology of the Roman Empire, University of British Columbia
2008–   Director, Centre for the Study of Ancient Sicily

Teaching keyboard_arrow_down
Research keyboard_arrow_down

Research Interests

  • The archaeology of Roman and early Byzantine Sicily
  • The archaeology and history of the Western Greeks
  • Roman north Africa
  • The Roman Empire in the West, including Britain
  • Roman art and architecture

Projects

Books

A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, 5th edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

The Triskeles, Ancient Symbol of Sicily, Oxford: Archaeopress

Punta Secca. Life and Death in a Village Settlement in Early Byzantine Sicily (Bulletin Antieke Beschaving, Supplement), Leuven: Peeters

Book chapters and journal articles in press

‘Philippianus e la sua tenuta rurale nella Sicilia tardoromana: scavi recenti a Gerace presso Enna’, in M. T. Grasso (ed.), Paesaggi rurali nella Sicilia greca e romana. Insediamenti, installazioni produttive e viabilità ai margini della Piana di Catania dall’età arcaica agli albori del Medioevo, 13–14 Novembre 2020, Catania, due 2024

‘La Sicilia tra il 44 a.C. e il 68 d.C: alcuni pensieri trent’anni dopo Sicily under The Roman Empire’, in L. Calì, L. Campagna and E. C. Portale (eds.), La Sicilia fra le guerre civili e l’epoca giulio-claudia, Rome: Quasar, forthcoming

Praedia Philippianorum, una tenuta rurale nella Sicilia tardoromana a Gerace presso Enna’, Sicilia Antiqua 21 (2024)

‘L’età della transizione: la fine della villa di Gerace (EN) e la successiva frequentazione del sito durante l’età bizantina’, in M. Cavalieri, C. Sfameni and A. Castrorao Barba (eds.), La villa dopo la villa 3. Trasformazione di un sistema insediativo ed economico nell’Italia meridionale e nelle isole maggiori tra Tarda Antichità e Medioevo, Louvain: Presses Universitaires de Louvain, due summer 2024

Current field projects

(1)  The Campanaio and Castagna project

Campanaio and Castagna are two archaeological sites, 1 km apart, about 25 km west of Agrigento in Sicily. Both were discovered by me during field survey research and partly excavated by teams directed by myself. Castagna was an isolated farmhouse (with 15 rooms, all with earth floors) of early imperial date (c. AD 50), with hellenistic occupation below. It was twice altered and enlarged before its collapse c. 180/200. Despite its humble form, there were some high-status finds, including lead-glazed ware from Tarsus in Cilicia and a mould-blown glass beaker with a Greek inscription (“Rejoice! Enjoy yourself!”), probably also from the eastern Mediterranean. Animal bones were mostly sheep/goats, but also present were tortoise, hare, and deer (red, roe, and considerable quantities of fallow deer). A pit was dug in one of the ruined buildings in the fourth century. Campanaio was a small agricultural village of late hellenistic date (second/first centuries BC), with two kilns of that date producing roof tiles. It was occupied into the early imperial period, when a large cess-pit indicates a possible tanning industry. After a period of abandonment, there was renewed activity in the late fourth century (c. 375 AD), when new storehouses were erected, as well as a domestic building further north. The structures had stone foundations and pisé (rammed earth) superstructures, a technique that lasted in Sicily from archaic Greek times down into late antiquity. Also to the late Roman period belongs a stone vat for storing olive oil, and dolia (huge storage vessels) indicating the production of wine. What is likely to have been an amphora kiln, reused in its final phase for the production of lime, was also active in the fourth and fifth centuries. Distorted wasters show that amphorae of the small flat-bottomed Keay 52 type, probably for wine, as well as tiles and mortaria (mixing bowls for the preparation of food), were all manufactured in this kiln. Carbonized deposits yielded grapes, lentils, and two varieties of wheat. Deer bones (red, roe, and fallow) came second only to sheep/goats in fifth-century deposits, a reminder that Sicily was far more afforested in antiquity than it is today, and that venison (as at Castagna) was not only the privilege of the rich.

Occupation came to a violent end in a disastrous fire c. AD 460, possibly a consequence of a raid by Vandals based in north Africa (known from ancient sources to have harried southern Sicily at this time); some material of later fifth- and sixth-century date shows, however, that there was limited activity on the site even after this. Three male bodies buried according to the Muslim rite were later laid in the ruins. The excavations have been the subject of several detailed preliminary papers, but the hoped-for pottery reports on the hellenistic coarse wares and amphorae, and on the whole of the important late Roman assemblages, have not materialized, preventing final publication. All these finds are now being studied afresh for publication by Dr Fabrizio Ducati, who currently holds a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (2024–2026), and who is spending twelve months working on this project at UBC between April 2024 and March 2025.

(2) The Gerace projectprovince of Enna, Sicily, is investigating the site of a Roman villa in the heart of Sicily, situated in fertile agricultural land with an extensive panorama. It was discovered by accident in 1994 when a torrent burst its banks and cut through one corner of an ancient structure, exposing a mosaic. Subsequent limited excavation discovered the ground plan on the surface of a small structure with five rooms and an irregular L-shaped corridor. Trial trenching descending to floor level suggested that there were geometric mosaic pavements in a corridor and in an apsed room. This building was further partially investigated in 2007, but has not been completely excavated.

In May 2012 UBC conducted its own first investigations at Gerace, involving a team from the British School at Rome, which conducted geophysical survey over a wide area of the 3-ha site. This identified a 50-m long building to the east of the structure with mosaics, as well as several outbuildings and the location of five kilns. The aims of the Gerace project, for which funding for five years was obtained from SSHRC in April 2013, and a further three years in a renewed grant in 2018, are therefore:

(a) to excavate sample areas of the Roman structures more extensively;

(b) to establish the chronology and building phases of the site, to determine the date of both the original construction of the villa and its destruction, and to assess the nature of any post-Roman occupation;

(c) to assess the function of the various buildings at the site (residential or agricultural?), and to monitor any changes over time;

(d) to recover ceramic remains (pottery, lamps, amphorae, tile) with a view to understanding both local ceramic circulation in the Roman period, and to evaluate the extent of imported ceramics, so as to understand better Gerace’s trading links with other parts of Sicily and of the Mediterranean;

(e) to recover faunal and carbonized seed remains in order to establish the range of plants grown and animals raised (or at any rate consumed) by the inhabitants of Gerace.

From mid-May to mid-June 2013 the first season of excavation was conducted at Gerace with the help of 13 students from UBC. Two rooms in the ‘villa-like building’ were excavated, and proved to be service rooms, one with a bench and a stone ‘workstation’ (to waist height) as well as an earth floor (perhaps a kitchen), and the other with white plaster on the walls and a white mortar floor. The building, for which a late second century date had been proposed by one previous excavator, and an early fourth century date by another, was dated to not earlier than AD 360 on the basis of African red slip pottery which formed part of the white mortar floor in the latter. Part of the mosaic-paved corridor outside these rooms was also investigated, and the edge of what was clearly the hot pool of a small bath-suite, with white mortar floor still in situ and its hypocaust stoke-hole preserved, was also discovered. The building was destroyed by fire: pottery and two intact African red slip lamps of the second half of the fifth century show that this occurred not earlier than c. AD 450.

Adjacent to this structure, the 50m-building first identified by geophysics proved to have an intact stone paved floor but very few finds; there is evidence to think that it might not have quite been completed when it suddenly collapsed, probably in an earthquake. It clearly predates the bath-suite and its stoke hole which demolished part of the long building’s west wall in order to provide room to fire the hypocaust. Pottery in the make-up for the long building’s floor suggest that it is not earlier than the second quarter of the fourth century (and part of an earlier building was identified beneath); it may have been under construction in AD 361/3 when it was flattened by an earthquake which Libanius reports as having destroyed most of the cities of Sicily at that time. The building’s function is enigmatic; although it might just possibly have been used as stables, it is more likely to have been a large estate granary.

The finds included 99 tile stamps using 10 different dies, with some tiles receiving as many as three stamps. All seem to have been part of a single production, by a landowner called Philippianus whose name recurs on many of them, and were made for the roof of the villa built after c. AD 370. That he might have raised prize racehorses at Gerace is suggested by some of the stamps which feature horses with head plumes, associated also with victory crowns and palm branches. Vegetius and others report that Sicilian circus ponies were highly rated in the Roman world, and Philippianus might have been raising them in this well-watered central area of Sicily in late Roman times. Indeed horses are still kept on the Gerace estate to this day. There is a unusually marked presence of horse bones in the ancient faunal assemblages, including foals and even an equine milk tooth, suggesting that there was a stud at the estate. A bath-house, excavated between 2016 and 2019, has produced an intact mosaic in its frigidarium which has an inscription on all four sides (uniquely so in the entire Roman Empire). From this we learn the name of the estate (the praedia Philippianorum) and that there had been either ‘joy for’ or ‘joy at’ the Capitolini (Capitolinis gaudium). This is either a reference to a new family (intermarrying with the Philippiani?) or else a reference to the Capitoline contests in Rome (the certamina Capitolina), instituted by Domitian in AD 86 and still going strong in the late fourth century. If the latter is the correct interpretation is correct, it implies that Philippianus trained horses at Gerace and entered them for chariot races at these Greek-style games, sometime in the second half of the fourth century AD, and won there.

The results of the excavation have been so far published in a series of annual reports in the journal Mouseion (2015 and 2017–2021) and in parallel, in Italian, in Sicilia Antiqua (2015 and 2018) and more recently in Cronache di Archeologia (2019–2022). An additional paper, on the tile-stamps found in 2013, was published in Journal of Roman Archaeology 27 (2014), and the bath-house was studied in American Journal of Archaeology for 2020. A summary of all six years of excavation can be found in C. Prescott et al., eds., Trinacria. ‘An Island outside Time’. International Archaeology in Sicily, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2021, in Sicilia Antiqua 2024 (forthcoming), and elsewhere. The discovery of whipworm eggs in a deposit inside one vessel, so proving its use as a chamber pot, was published in Journal of Archaeological Science Reports in 2022.

No excavation was able to take place in 2014 but it continued in five annual seasons from 2015 to 2019. Brief summaries of each of these can be found at the following:

2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019

A short study season took place in 2022, when a further campaign of geophysical research was conducted, which found a further set of kilns to the west of the main site.

(3) The Kaukana project, province of Ragusa, Sicily, also funded by SSHRC, was designed to investigate the chronology, character, development and commercial contacts of a late Roman and Byzantine coastal village, and to place it in its wider socio-economic context within late Roman and early Byzantine Sicily and the wider Mediterranean world. This project, in close collaboration with the Soprintendenza per i Beni Culturali Ambientali di Ragusa, was set up in 2008. Three seasons of excavation took place between 2008 and 2010. Reports have been issued in Journal of Roman Archaeology in 2009, in Minerva and Current World Archaeology in 2010, in American Journal of Archaeology in 2011, in International Journal of Osteoarchaeology [with C. Sulosky Weaver] in 2012, in Mouseion (volume 10.2 dated 2010) and in Phoenix in 2013, and in Sicilia Antiqua and in Mediterranean Archaeology (volume 25, dated 2012) [the latter with J. Ramsay] in 2014. Also published in 2014 was a contribution on Kaukana to a conference proceedings (P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica, Bari). A paper on an unusual object from the excavations, a thimble, was published in Oxford Journal of Archaeology in November 2016. Translations into Italian of the last paper and of that in Phoenix were published in Sicily in 2017. Short papers for the general public about the project were published in Perth, Western Australia, in 2015, and in the British journal Antiquus in 2020. The results of the excavation were presented as the XIth Byvanck Lecture, delivered in Leiden at the National Museum of Antiquities on 28th November 2017. The text of that, with illustrations, was published in a printed version to coincide with the lecture; it is also available online here (press ‘download booklet’ in this document).

A post-excavation season was conducted in 2012, and the final volume, with reports from a dozen specialist contributors (some still pending) is in preparation. It is hoped that this volume will be published by Peeters in Leuven as a BABesch Supplement.

Publications keyboard_arrow_down

Books

A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, London: Constable, 1st edition 1974, pp. xii + 365; 2nd ed. 1980, pp. xvi + 416; 3rd ed. 1988, pp. xvi + 453; 4th ed. 2002, pp. xx + 732

Roman Forts: an illustrated introduction to the garrison posts of Roman Britain, London: Bergstom and Boyle 1980, pp. 96

Piazza Armerina [Archaeological Sites series] London and Austin, TX: Granada Publications and University of Texas Press 1983, pp. 124

Sicily under the Roman Empire: the archaeology of a Roman province, 36 B.C. – A.D. 535, Warminster: Aris and Phillips 1990, pp. x + 452

Caddeddi on the Tellaro. A late Roman villa in Sicily and its mosaics [Bulletin Antieke Beschaving Supplement 28], Leuven, Paris and Bristol, CT: Peeters 2016, pp. viii + 200

Editor, From River Trent to Raqqa: Nottingham University archaeological fieldwork in Britain, Europe and the Middle East 1991-1995, Nottingham: Department of Archaeology, University of Nottingham 1996, pp. 104

Editor, Roman Maryport and its setting: essays in memory of Michael G. Jarrett, Maryport: Trustees of the Senhouse Museum 1997, pp. 168

Editor (with J. D. Creighton), Roman Germany: studies in cultural interaction (JRA supplementary series 32), Portsmouth RI: Journal of Roman Archaeology 1999, pp. 248

Editor (with I. D. Caruana), Romans on the Solway: essays in honour of Richard Bellhouse, Kendal: Trustees of the Senhouse Museum 2004, pp. 232

Editor, Romanitas. Essays on Roman archaeology in honour of Sheppard Frere on the occasion of his ninetieth birthday, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006, pp. xxx + 232

Complete List of Published Work

1975

1. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, London: Constable 1975, pp. xii + 365 (with a foreword by Professor J. M. C. Toynbee)

1976

2. Review of M. I. Finley and H. W. Pleket, The Olympic Games: the first thousand years (1976), in Hermathena 120 (1976), 78–80

3. Review of M. Grant, The Fall of the Roman Empire – a reappraisal (1976), in Hermathena 120 (1976), 86–88

1977

4. ‘Interventi’ at the Fourth Congresso Internazionale di Studi sulla Sicilia Antica, in Kokalos 22–23 (1976–1977), 585–586 and 694–696

5. Review of J. Liversidge, Everyday Life in the Roman Empire (1976), in Antiquity 51 (1977), 247–248

1979

6. ‘Brick and tile in Roman Sicily’, in A. McWhirr (ed.), Roman Brick and Tile, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports 1979, 11–43

7. Contributions on Roman Britain to The Past all around us, London: Reader’s Digest 1979, 12–13, 42–43, 76, 94–95, 100, 152–153, 234, 250–251 and 404–405, and entries in the gazeteer on all Romano–British sites

1980

8. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, 2nd. edition, London: Constable 1980, pp. xvi + 416

9. Roman Forts: an illustrated introduction to the garrison posts of Roman Britain,  London: Bergstom and Boyle 1980, pp. 96

10. ‘On the date of the Roman amphitheatre at Syracuse’, in Miscellanea di studi classici in onore di Eugenio Manni, Rome: Giorgio Bretschneider 1980, 2217–2230

11. ‘Field Survey at Heraclea Minoa (Agrigento), Sicily’, Journal of Field Archaeology 7 (1980), 219–239 (with A. Leonard Jr.)

12. Review article on Roman Spain, of J. M. Blazquez, Ciclos y temas de la Historia de Espana: la Romanizacion (1974); id., Historia Social y Economica de la Espana Romana. Siglos III–V (1975); id., ‘Ciudedas Hispanas de la epoca de Augusto’ (1976); id., Economia de la Hispania Romana (1978); id., Diccionario de las Religiones Preromanas de Hispania (1975); id., Imagen y Mito (1977), in Hermathena 128 (1980), 57–63

1981

13. ‘Heraclea Minoa and its hinterland in classical antiquity’, in G. Barker and R. Hodges (eds.), Archaeology and Italian Society: Papers in Italian Archaeology II, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports 1981, 249–260

14. ‘Mosaics, mosaicists and patrons’, Journal of Roman Studies 71 (1981), 173–177

15. ‘Sardinia and Sicily during the Roman Empire: aspects of the archaeological evidence’, Kokalos 26–27 (1980–1981), 219–242

16. ‘Eraclea Minoa. Ricerche nel territorio’, ibid. 656–667

1982

17. ‘Roman mosaics in Sicily: the African connection’, American Journal of Archaeology 86 (1982), 413–428

18. ‘Una villa romana a Montallegro (Agrigento)’, Sicilia Archeologica xv, 48 (1982), 7–20

19. ‘Archaeology in Sicily, 1977–81’, Archaeological Reports 28 (1981–1982), 84–105

20. ‘Mosaic conservation: Piazza Armerina’, Mosaic 6 (1982), 18–19

1983

21. Piazza Armerina (Archaeological Sites series), London: Granada Publications, and and Austin, TX: University of Texas Press 1983, pp. 124

22. ‘Luxury retreat, fourth-century style: a millionaire aristocrat in late Roman Sicily’, Opus 2 (1983), 537–552

23. Review of G. Rickman, The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome (1980), in Hermathena 134 (1983), 85–89

1984

24. Review of A. Griffin, Sikyon (1982), in Hermathena 137 (1984), 53–56

1985

25. ‘Changes in the pattern of urban settlement in Roman, Byzantine and Arab Sicily’, in C. Malone and S. Stoddart (eds.), Papers in Italian Archaeology IV.i, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports 1985, 313–344

26. ‘Un insediamento agricolo romano a Castagna (comune di Cattolica Eraclea, AG)’, Sicilia Archeologica xviii, 57–58 (1985), 11–35

27. ‘Roman Britain’, ‘Hadrian’s Wall and the Antonine Wall’, ‘Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum)’, ‘Corsica and Sardinia’ and ‘Roman Sicily’, in R. J. A. Talbert (ed.), Atlas of Classical History, London: Croom Helm 1985, 130–135 and 146–149

28. Review of E. Manni, Geografia fisica e politica della Sicilia antica (1981), in Journal of Roman Studies 75 (1985), 296–299

29. Review of D. von Boeselager, Antike Mosaiken in Sizilien (1983), in Journal of Roman Studies 75 (1985), 299–301

1986

30. ‘Roman art and architecture’, in J. Boardman, J. Griffin and O. Murray (eds.), The Oxford History of the Classical World, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1986, 771–806

31. Review of R. Meiggs, Trees and Timber in the ancient Mediterranean world (1982), in Hermathena 140 (1986), 74–78

1987

32. ‘Reading history: Britain as a province of Rome’, History Today 38 (August 1987), 47–51

33. Review of J. Humphrey, Roman Circuses (1986), in Journal of Roman Studies 77 (1987), 206–210

34. Review of J. M. Blazquez and M. A. Mezquiriz, Mosaicos Romanos de Navara (1985), in Gnomon 59 (1987), 433–437

35. Review of K. T. Erim, Aphrodisias (1986), in New York Times Review of Books, 1st. March 1987

1988

36. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, 3rd. edition, London: Constable 1988, pp. xvi + 453

37. ‘The Western Greeks’, in J. Boardman (ed.), Cambridge Ancient History, new edition: plates to volume IV – Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean c. 525–479 B.C., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1988, 179–201

38. ‘Roman art and architecture’, in J. Boardman, J. Griffin and O. Murray (eds.), The Roman World, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1988, 361–400 (expanded version of 1986 essay)

39. ‘Towns of Sicily under the Roman Empire’, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, II.11.1, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter 1988, 90–206

40. ‘Trade and industry in Sicily under the Roman Empire’, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, II.11.1, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter 1988, 207–305

41. ‘A wandering inscription from Rome and the so–called Gymnasium at Syracuse’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 71 (1988), 161–166

42. ‘Archaeology in Sicily, 1982–7’, Archaeological Reports 34 (1987–1988), 105–150

43. ‘Ancient granite quarries on the Bocche di Bonifacio’, in N. Herz and M. Waelkens (eds.), Classical Marble: geochemistry, technology, trade (NATO ASI series E, 153), Dordrecht 1988, 103–112

44. ‘Piazza Armerina and the senatorial aristocracy in late Roman Sicily’, in G. Rizza (ed.), La Villa Romana del Casale di Piazza Armerina, Catania 1988, 170–182 (also interventi in the same volume: 136–137 and 192–193)

45. ‘Eraclea Minoa. Gli scavi eseguiti nel territorio negli anni 1980–1983’, Kokalos 30–31 (1984–1985) [published 1988], 489–500

46. Review of H. Mielsch, Die römische Villa: Architektur und Lebensform (1987), in Journal of Roman Studies 78 (1988), 244–245

47. Review of J. Wacher, The Roman Empire (1987), in Antiquity 62 (1988), 405–406

1989

48. Review of O. Brogan and D. J. Smith, Ghirza: a Libyan settlement in the Roman period (1988), in Antiquity 63 (1989), 173

49. Review of H. Jouffroy, La construction publique en Italie et dans l’Afrique romaine (1986), in Classical Review 39 (1989), 346–348

1990

50. Sicily under the Roman Empire: the archaeology of a Roman province, 36 B.C. – A.D. 535,  Warminster: Aris and Phillips, pp. x + 452

51. ‘Granite quarrying in the Straits of Bonifacio’, in Akten des XIII Internationalen Kongesses für Klassische Archäologie, Berlin 1988, Mainz 1990, 341–342

52. ‘Roman architecture in a Greek world: the example of Sicily’, in M. Henig (ed.), Architecture and architectural sculpture in the Roman Empire, Oxford 1990, 67–90

53. Review of C. Balmelle, Recueil Général des mosaiques de la Gaule IV: Province d’Aquitaine II (1987), in Bonner Jahrbücher 190 (1990), 739–742

1991

54. ‘Roman art and architecture’, in J. Boardman, J. Griffin and O. Murray (eds.), The Roman World, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1991, 413–448 (updated version of 1986/1988 essay)

1992

55. ‘Tubi fittili (vaulting tubes): on their origin and distribution’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 5 (1992), 97–129

56. Review of M. Millett, The Romanization of Britain (1990), in Journal of Roman Studies 72 (1992), 290–293

57. Review of N. H. and A. Ramage, The Cambridge Illustrated History ogf Roman Art (1991), Hermathena 152 (Summer 1992), 95–99

1993

58. ‘Les tubes de voûte en terre cuite dans l’Empire romain’, Bulletin de l’Association pour l’Antiquité tardive 2 (1992), 90–104

59. ‘La Sicilia’, in A. Carandini, L. Cracco Ruggini and A. Giardina (eds.), Storia di Roma III.2: il tardo impero. I luoghi e le culture, Turin: Einaudi Editori, 279–298

60. Review of A. Peschlow-Bindokat, Die Steinbrüche von Selinunt. Die Cava di Cusa und die Cava di Barone (1990), in Classical Review 43 (1993), 374–376

1994

61. ‘Sikelia’, in L. Kahil (ed.), Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, VII.1, Munich and Zürich: Artemis Verlag 1994, 759–761

62. ‘The mosaic’, in T. W. Potter (ed.), Excavations at Cherchell (Algeria), 1977–81 [6th Supplément to Bulletin d’Archéologie algérienne], Algiers 1994, 125–130

63. Review of A. L. F. Rivet, Gallia Narbonensis (1988) in Bonner Jahrbücher 194 (1994), 687–692

64. Review of R. R. Holloway, The Archaeology of Ancient Sicily (1991), for Journal of Hellenic Studies 114 (1994), 217–218

1995

65. ‘Carthaginian, Numidian and Roman’, in T. Phillips (ed.), Africa: the art of a continent, London: Royal Academy of Arts, and Munich and New York: Prestel 1995, 536–538 and 553–558

66. ‘The Castagna and Campanaio Roman agricultural settlements project, central southern Sicily’, Papers of the British School at Rome 63 (1995), 259–260

67. Review of L. Richardson, A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome (1993), and M. Steinby, Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae I (1993), in Journal of Roman Studies 85 (1995), 251–253

1996

68. Editor, From River Trent to Raqqa: Nottingham University archaeological fieldwork in Britain, Europe and the Middle East 1991–1995, Nottingham: Department of Archaeology, University of Nottingham 1996, pp. 104

69. ‘Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica’, in A. Bowman et al. (eds.), Cambridge Ancient History, new edition, volume X (31 B.C. – A.D. 70), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1996, 434–48

70. ‘Archaeology in Sicily 1988–95’, Archaeological Reports for 1995–1996, London: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1996, 59–123

71. ‘Tot aquarum tam multis necessariis molibus . . . Recent studies on aqueducts and water supply’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 9 (1996), 5–29

72. ‘Nuovi scavi all’ insediamento agricolo ellenistico–romano di Castagna (AG), 1993’, Quaderni del Istituto di Archeologia della Università di Messina 8 (1993) [publ. 1996], 29–49

73. ‘Rural life in Roman Sicily: excavations at Castagna and Campanaio’, in R. J. A. Wilson (ed.), From River Trent to Raqqa, Nottingham: University of Nottingham 1996, 24–41

74. ‘La topografia della Catania romana. Problemi e prospettive’, in B. Gentili, ed., Catania antica: atti del convegno della Società Italiana per lo studio dell’antichità classica [Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura classica. Atti di Convegno 6], Pisa and Rome 1996, 149–173

75. ‘A portable altar fragment from Dragonby’, in J. May, Excavations at Dragonby, Oxford: Oxbow Books 1996, 377–378

76. ‘Capreae’, ‘Cosa’, ‘Ghirza’, ‘Mahdia shipwreck’, ‘Numidia’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Puteoli’ and ‘Santa Maria Capua Vetere’, in J. Turner, ed., The Macmillan Dictionary of Art, London: Macmillan 1996, V, 685–686; VII, 917; XII, 557; XX, 105–106; XXIII, 299–300; XXIV, 699–702; XXV, 747–748; and XXVII, 781

77. ‘Carthage’ in B. M. Fagan (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press 1996, 119–120

78. ‘The Roman frontier’ in B. M. Fagan (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press 1996, 610–612

79. ‘Acrae’, ‘Acragas’, ‘Aetna (1)’, ‘Aetna (2)’, ‘Africa, Roman’, ‘Ammaedara’, ‘Atlas Mountains’, ‘Bulla Regia’, ‘Byzacium’, ‘Camarina’, ‘Capsa’, ‘Carthage’, ‘Catana’, ‘Cirta’, ‘Cuicul’, ‘Eryx’, ‘Gela’, ‘Hadrumetum’, ‘Himera’, ‘Hippo Regius’, ‘Lambaesis’, ‘Leontinoi’, ‘Lepcis Magna’, ‘Lilybaeum’, ‘Madauros’, ‘Mauretania’, ‘Megara Hyblaea’, ‘Morgantina’, ‘Motya’, ‘Naxos (2)’, ‘Numidia’, ‘Oea’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Sabratha’, ‘Segesta’, ‘Selinus’, ‘Sicca Veneria’, ‘Sicily’, ‘Simitthus’, ‘Sufetula’, ‘Syracuse’, ‘Tauromenium’, ‘Thamugadi’, ‘Theveste’, ‘Thubursicum Numidarum’, ‘Thugga’, ‘Thysdrus’, ‘Tingis’, ‘Tipasa’, ‘Tripolitania’, ‘Utica’ , ‘Uthina’, ‘Volubilis’, ‘Zama’ , in S. Hornblower and A. J. Spawforth, eds, The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1996, pp. 9, 31, 34–35, 72–73, 208, 265, 266, 282, 289, 295–296, 302–303, 333, 412, 557–558, 627, 663–664, 707, 709–710, 812, 844, 844–845, 861–862, 907, 939, 951, 995–996, 998, 1031, 1054, 1061, 1182, 1342, 1379, 1382, 1401, 1401–1403, 1408–1409, 1453, 1463–1464, 1477, 1491–1492, 1512–1513, 1516, 1521, 1522, 1530, 1533, 1574–1575, 1612 and 1633

1997

80. Editor, Roman Maryport and its setting: essays in memory of Michael G. Jarrett, Maryport: Trustees of the Senhouse Museum 1997, pp. 168

81. ‘Maryport from the first to the fourth centuries: some current problems’, in R. J. A. Wilson (ed.), Roman Maryport and its setting, Maryport 1997, 17–39

82. La Sicilia romana: tra arte e storia, Palermo: Edizioni Ariete 1997, pp. 32

83. ‘Vaulting tube’, in T. W. Potter and A. C. King, Excavations at the Mola di Monte Gelato [Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome 11], Rome 1997, 234–235

84. ‘Trinakros’, in L. Kahil (ed.), Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae VIII, Munich and Zürich: Artemis Verlag 1997, 55

1998

85. ‘Africa, Roman’, ‘Carthage’, ‘Sicily’ and ‘Syracuse’, in S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth (eds.), The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization, Oxford: Oxford University Press 1998, 12–14, 141–144, 663–665 and 698–699

1999

86. Editor (with J. D. Creighton), Roman Germany: studies in cultural interaction [JRA supplementary series 32], Portsmouth R. I.: Journal of Roman Archaeology 1999, pp. 248

87. ‘Introduction: recent research on Roman Germany,’ in R. J. A. Wilson and J. D.Creighton (eds.), Roman Germany: studies in cultural interaction, Portsmouth, R. I. 1999, 9–34 (with J. D. Creighton)

88. ‘Sicilian Naxian wine amphoras: a new look at wine in north Africa’ [paper presented to 100th Annual Meeting of the AIA, 27 December 1998], American Journal of Archaeology 103 (1999), 268 [abstract] (with J. Freed)

89. ‘The circuit walls of Syracuse’, in C. Scarre (ed.), The Seventy Wonders of the ancient world: the great monuments and how they were built, London: Thames and Hudson Ltd. 1999, 210–211

90. ‘The Campanaio Roman agricultural project,’ Papers of the British School at Rome 67 (1999), 421–423

2000

91. ‘On the trail of the triskeles: from the Macdonald Institute to archaic Greek Sicily’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 10 (2000), 35–61

92. ‘Campanaio – an agricultural settlement in Roman Sicily’, Antiquity 74 (2000), 289–290

93. ‘Rural settlement in hellenistic and Roman Sicily: excavations at Campanaio (AG), 1994–1998’, Papers of the British School at Rome 68 (2000), 337–369

94. ‘Iscrizioni su manufatti siciliani in età ellenistico-romana’, in G. Nenci (ed.), Sicilia epigrafica [Atti del Convegno di Erice 15–18 ottobre 1998] (Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore diPisa4, Quaderni 1999.1–2), Pisa 2000, 531–556

95. ‘Ciceronian Sicily: an archaeological perspective’, in C. Smith and J. Serrati (eds.), Sicily from Aeneas to Augustus: new approaches in archaeology and history, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2000, 134–160

96. ‘Sicilia’, map and accompanying lists and bibliography in R. J. A. Talbert (ed.), The Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Princeton: Princeton University Press 2000, Map 47 of Map Volume, and Map-by-Map Directory, Volume 1, 709–735

2001

97. ‘Aqueducts and water supply in Greek and Roman Sicily: the present status quaestionis’, in G. C. M. Jansen (ed.), Cura Aquarum in Sicilia. Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region, Syracuse, May 16–22, 1998 [Bulletin Antieke Beschaving Supplement 5], Leiden: Stichtung BABesch 2000 [publ. 2001], 5–36

98. ‘Why did the Carthaginians sacrifice children?’, ‘The mysteries of Mithraism’, and ‘The lost tomb of Alexander the Great’, in B. Fagan, ed., The seventy great mysteries of the ancient world, London: Thames and Hudson 2001, 173–176, 193–196 and 223–226

99. Review of J. T. Peña et al, Carthage Papers [JRA Suppementary volume 28] and H. Hurst, The Sanctuary of Tanit at Carthage [JRA Suppementary volume 30], for JRS x91 (2001), 198–200

2002

100. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain, 4th. edition, London: Constable 2002, pp. xx + 732

101. ‘Vita rurale nella Sicilia ellenistico-romana: l’insediamento di Campanaio’, Kalos xiii.4 (October/December 2001) [publ. 2002], 24–31

102. ‘Roman vaulting tubes (tubi fittili) from Chesters’, Archaeologia Aeliana30 (2002), 180–185

103. ‘Presentazione’ in F. S. Brancato & R. Mingoia, Piazza Armerina: apud thermas apud Hennam. La cosidetta villa romana del Casale, Comiso: Documenta 2002, 11–13

104. Review of A. Oxé, H. Comfort and P. Kenrick (eds.), Corpus Vasorum Arretinorum, 2nd. ed. 2001, for Journal of Roman Studies 92 (2002), 212–214

2003

105. ‘From Palma di Montechiaro to the Isle Of Man: the use of the triskeles in antiquity and after’, in G. Fiorentini, M. Caltabiano and A. Calderone, eds, Archeologia nel Mediterraneo: studi in onore di Ernesto De Miro, Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider 2003, 721–747

106. ‘A group of Roman house-tombs at Tauromenium (Taormina)’, in G. M. Bacci and M. C. Martinelli (eds.), Studi classici in onore di Luigi Bernabò Brea [Quaderni del Museo Archeologico Regionale Eoliano “Luigi Bernabò Brea”, Supplemento 2], Palermo: Regione Siciliana 2003, 247–274

107. ‘Journeymen’s jottings: two Roman inscriptions from Hadrian’s Wall’, Archaeologia Aeliana5 32 (2003), 25–35

108. ‘The Rudston Venus mosaic revisited: a spear-bearing lion?’, Britannia 34 (2003), 288–291

109. ‘Roman vaulting tubes (tubi fittili) from Chesters: an addendum’, Archaeologia Aeliana32(2003), 192–193

110. Review of S. Ellis, Roman houses (2000) for Journal of Roman Archaeology 16 (2003), 582–584

2004

111. Editor (with I. D. Caruana) Romans on the Solway: essays in honour of Richard Bellhouse,Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, Kendal, for the Trustees of the Senhouse Museum, Maryport, pp. 232

112. ‘Introduction: the Roman frontier on the Solway’, in R. J. A. Wilson and I. D. Caruana (eds.), Romans on the Solway, Kendal 2004), 19–38

113. ‘The Roman ‘Officer’s Tomb’ at High Rochester revisited’, Archaeologia Aeliana33 (2004), 25–33

114. ‘Two Romano-British mosaic inscriptions reconsidered’, Mosaic 31 (2004), 18–22

2005

115. ‘On the identification of the figure in the south apse of the Great Hunt corridor at Piazza Armerina’, Sicilia Antiqua 1 (2004) [publ. 2005], 153–170

116. ‘Jos De Waele: his contribution to classical archaeology’, in S. Mols and E. Moorman (eds.), Omni pede stare. Saggi architettonici e circumvesuviani in memoriam Jos de Waele, Naples: Electa 2005, 9–17

117. ‘On the origins of the Roman civic basilica: the Egyptian connection’, in S. Mols and E. Moorman (eds.), Omni pede stare. Saggi architettonici e circumvesuviani in memoriam Jos de Waele, Naples: Electa 2005, 129–139

118. ‘La sopravvivenza di cultura punica nella Sicilia romana’, in A. Spanò Giamellaro (ed.), Atti del V Congresso Internazionale di Studi fenici e punici, Marsala–Palermo, 2–8 ottobre 2000, Palermo, 907–917

2006

119. Editor, Romanitas. Essays on Roman archaeology in honour of Sheppard Frere on the occasion of his nintieth birthday, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006, pp. xxx + 232

120. ‘Sheppard Sunderland Frere: an appreciation’, in R. J. A. Wilson (ed.), Romanitas. Essays on Roman archaeology in honour of Sheppard Frere on the occasion of his ninetieth birthday, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006, vii–viii

121. ‘Early defences and civic status in Roman Britain’ in R. J. A. Wilson (ed.), Romanitas. Essays on Roman archaeology in honour of Sheppard Frere on the occasion of his ninetieth birthday, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2006, 1–47

122. ‘Aspects of iconography in Romano-British mosaics: the Rudston ‘aquatic’ scene and the Brading astronomer revisited’, Britannia 37 (2006), 295–336

123. ‘What’s new in Roman Baden-Württemberg?’, Journal of Roman Studies 96 (2006), 198–212

124. ‘Settlement patterns in south-east Sicily in Roman and late Roman times’, in F. P. Rizzo (ed.), Da abitato in abitato. In itinere fra le più antiche testimonianze cristiane degli Iblei [Atti del Convegno Internazionel di Studi, Ragusa–Catania, 3–5 April 2003], Pisa and Rome: Istituti editoriali e poligrafici internazionali 2005 [publ. 2006], 223-238

125. ‘Postilla’, in F. P. Rizzo (ed.), Da abitato in abitato. In itinere fra le più antiche testimonianze cristiane degli Iblei [Atti del Convegno Internazionel di Studi, Ragusa–Catania, 3–5 April 2003], Pisa and Rome: Istituti editoriali e poligrafici internazionali 2005 [publ. 2006], 163–167

126. ‘The Flawborough lead tank’, in E. Hartley, J. Hawkes, M. Henig and F. Mee (eds.), Constantine the Great: York’s Roman Emperor, York: Yorkshire Museums Trust, and Aldershot and Burlington: Lund Humphries 2006, 208–209 (no. 195)

127. ‘A life of luxury in late Roman Sicily: the villa of Piazza Armerina’, Minerva 17.1 (January/February 2006), 40–43

128. ‘Architects’, ‘architecture (Greek and Roman)’, ‘Augst’, ‘basilica’, ‘Capri’, ‘Corsica’, ‘domes’, ‘Motya’, ‘orders, architectural’, ‘palaces’, ‘Pantheon’, ‘Sicily’, ‘Syracuse’, ‘Thugga’, ‘Timgad’, ‘Utica’, in G. Shipley, J. Vanderspoel, D. Mattingly and L. Foxhall, eds, The Cambridge Dictionary of Classical Civilization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2006, 68–69, 69–72, 109–110, 123, 162–163, 238, 280–281, 593, 629–630, 638, 641, 819–821, 853–854, 887, 890–891 and 916

2007

129. ‘Algeria: Numidians and Romano-Africans in a forgotten land’, Minerva 18.6 (2007), 36–40

130. ‘Foreword’, in A. Neville, Mountains of silver and rivers of gold: the Phoenicians in Iberia [UBC Studies in the Ancient World Volume 1], Oxford: Oxbow Books for the Department of Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, UBC, 2007, 7–8

131. Review of F. P. Rizzo, Sicilia cristiana dal I al V secolo. Volume Primo. Testimonia Siciliae Antiquae I.14; Supplementi a Kokalos 17 (Rome 2005) and id., Gli albori della Sicilia cristiana. Secoli I-V. Temi e luoghi del mondo antico 17 (Bari 2005), in Bryn Mawr Classical Review

2008

132. ‘Chiese paleocristiane in Sicilia: problemi e prospettive’, Kokalos 47–48 (2001–2002) [published 2008], 145–168

133. ‘Sublime Silin: a luxury Roman villa on the Libyan coastline’, Minerva 19.4 (July/August 2008), 45–49

134. ‘Vivere in villa: rural residences of the Roman rich in Italy’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 21 (2008), 477–488

135. ‘Roman domestic tomb and feasting room found in Sicily’, Minerva 19.5 (September/October 2008), 3–4

2009

136. ‘An early Byzantine ‘élite’ tomb in a domestic context at Kaukana, Sicily’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 22 (2009), 412–415

137. ‘Aithiopia’, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. Supplementum2009, Dusseldorf: Artemis Verlag 2009, vol. 1, 38–39 (with plates in vol. 2, 25)

138. ‘Sikelia’, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. Supplementum2009, Dusseldorf: Artemis Verlag 2009, vol. 1, 450

2010

139.‘Villa’, in M. Gagarin (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, volume 7, 179–181

140. ‘Life and death in early Byzantine Sicily’, Minerva 21.6 (November/December 2010), 34–37

141. ‘Banquets for the dead: new discoveries in early Byzantine Sicily’, Current World Archaeology 44 (December 2010), 38–45

2011

142. ‘Funerary feasting in early Byzantine Sicily: new evidence from Kaukana’, American Journal of Archaeology 115 (2011), 263–302 [with appendices by J.W. Hayes and C. L. Sulosky]

143. ‘Il sito bizantino di Kaukana’, Kalos xxiii.1 (January–March 2011), 38–42

144. ‘Leben und Sterben im frühbyzantinischen Sizilien. Neue Erkenntnisse aus Kaukana’, Antike Welt 5.2011, 68–75

145. ‘The fourth-century villa at Piazza Armerina (Sicily) in its wider imperial context: a review of some aspects of recent research’, in G. von Bülow and H. Zabehlicky (eds.), Bruckneudorf und Gamzigrad. Spätantike Paläste und Großvillen im Donau-Balkan-Raum. Akten des Internationalen Kolloquiums in Bruckneudorf vom 15. bis 18. Oktober 2008. Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte Band 15 (= Sonderschriften des Österreichischen Archäologischen Instituts Band 45), Bonn: Habelt 2011, 55–87

146. ‘Neue Forschungen an der Domus Aurea’, Antike Welt 5.2011, 6

147. ‘Foreword’, in J. Freed, Bringing Carthage Home. The excavations of Nathan Davis, 1856–1859, UBC Studies in the Ancient World 2, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2011, 7–8

148. Review of P. Wright, Snakes, Sands and Silphium. Travels in Classical Libya (2011) in Libyan Studies 42 (2011), 154–155

2012

149. ‘Agorai and fora in Hellenistic and Roman Sicily: the present status questionis’, in C. Ampolo (ed.), Agora greca e agorai di Sicilia, Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa 2012, 245–267 and pls. 269–303

150. ‘Acrae’, ‘Acragas’, ‘Aetna (1)’, ‘Aetna (2)’, ‘Africa, Roman’, ‘Ammaedara’, ‘Atlas Mountains’, ‘Bulla Regia’, ‘Byzacium’, ‘Camarina’, ‘Capsa’, ‘Carthage’, ‘Catana’, ‘Cirta’, ‘Cuicul’, ‘Eryx’, ‘Gela’, ‘Hadrumetum’, ‘Himera’, ‘Hippo Regius’, ‘Lambaesis’, ‘Leontinoi’, ‘Lepcis Magna’, ‘Lilybaeum’, ‘Madauros’, ‘Mauretania’, ‘Megara Hyblaea’, ‘Morgantina’, ‘Motya’, ‘Naxos (2)’, ‘Numidia’, ‘Oea’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Sabratha’, ‘Segesta’, ‘Selinus’, ‘Sicca Veneria’, ‘Sicily’, ‘Simitthus’, ‘Sufetula’, ‘Syracuse’, ‘Tauromenium’, ‘Thamugadi’, ‘Theveste’, ‘Thubursicum Numidarum’, ‘Thugga’, ‘Thysdrus’, ‘Tingis’, ‘Tipasa’, ‘Tripolitania’, ‘Uthina’, ‘Utica’, ‘Volubilis’, ‘Zama’, in S. Hornblower, A. J. Spawforth and E. Eidinow (eds.), The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012, 9, 30–31, 33–34, 70, 200, 255, 256, 271–272, 278, 283–285, 291, 320, 396–397, 537, 606, 642, 685, 689, 790, 820–821, 837, 881, 913, 925, 968, 971, 1004, 1026, 1033, 1147, 1304, 1340, 1342–1343, 1361–1363, 1368, 1410, 1420–1421, 1434, 1448–1449, 1468–1469, 1472, 1477–1478, 1485, 1508, 1529–1530, 1564, 1586

151. ‘Mogontiacum (Mainz)’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Vetera (Birten, Germany)’, ‘Xanten, Germany’ in R. S. Bagnall, K. Brodersen, C. B. Champion, A. Erskine and S. R. Huebner (eds.), The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, Oxford: Blackwells 2012, 4561–4562, 5321–5322, 6978–6979 and 7142–7143

152. ‘Carthage’ and ‘Roman Empire: the Roman frontier’ in N. A. Silberman (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd edition 2012, vol. 1, 260–262 and vol. 3, 44–48

2013

153. ‘Life, death and dining: UBC excavations at Punta Secca (RG), Sicily’, Mouseion 10.2 (2010) [publ. 2013], 119–167

154. ‘Sicily, c. 300 BC–133 BC’, in C. Smith (ed.), The Cambridge Ancient History, new edition: plates to volumes VIII.2 to IX (500–133 BC), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013, 156–196

155. ‘Carthage and her neighbours’, in C. Smith (ed.), The Cambridge Ancient History, new edition: plates to volumes VIII.2 to IX (500–133 BC), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013, 197–241

156.  ‘Hellenistic Sicily, c. 270–100 BC’, in J. Prag and J. Quinn (eds.), The Hellenistic West, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2013, 79–119

157. ‘An unusual early-Byzantine ‘thrice-holy’ inscription and accompanying design from Punta Secca, Sicily’, Phoenix 67.1–2 (2013), 163–181

158. ‘Becoming Roman overseas? Sicily and Sardinia in the later Roman Republic’, in J. DeRose Evans (ed.), Blackwells Companion to Roman Republican Archaeology, Oxford: Wiley Blackwells 2013, 485–504

159. Review of R. Bonacasa Carra and F. Ardizzone (eds), Agrigento da Tardo Antico al Medioevo (2007), for Mouseion 10.2 (2010) [publ. 2013], 322–326

2014

160. ‘Tile-stamps of Philippianus in late Roman Sicily: a talking signum or evidence for horse-raising?’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 27 (2014), 472–486

161. ‘Il banchetto funerario nella Sicilia della prima età bizantina: nuove attestazioni da Kaukana’, Sicilia Antiqua 11 (2014), 541–591 [with appendices by J. W. Hayes and C. L. Solosky Weaver]

162. ‘La villa tardoromana di Caddeddi sul fiume Tellaro (SR) e i suoi mosaici’, in P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica. Atti del Convegno internazionale del Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sull’Edilizia nel Mediterraneo (CISEM) (Piazza Armerina, 7–10 novembre 2012), Bari: Edipuglia 2014, 37–46

163. ‘Punta Secca (‘Kaukana’): gli scavi canadesi 2008–2010′, in P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica. Atti del Convegno internazionale del Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sull’Edilizia nel Mediterraneo (CISEM) (Piazza Armerina, 7–10 novembre 2012), Bari: Edipuglia 2014, 53–59

164. ‘La villa romana di Gerace: primi risultati della ricerca geofisica’, in P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica. Atti del Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sull’Edilizia nel Mediterraneo (CISEM) (Piazza Armerina, 7–10 novembre 2012), Bari: Edipuglia 2014, 95–101

165. ‘Considerazioni conclusive’ in P. Pensabene and C. Sfameni (eds.), La Villa restaurata e i nuovi studi sull’edilizia residenziale tardoantica. Atti del Convegno internazionale del Centro Interuniversitario di Studi sull’Edilizia nel Mediterraneo (CISEM) (Piazza Armerina, 7–10 novembre 2012), Bari: Edipuglia 2014, 691–702

166. ‘Funerary Dining in Early Byzantine Sicily: archaeobotanical evidence from Kaukana’, Mediterranean Archaeology 25 (2012) [publ. 2014], 81–93 [with J. Ramsay]

167. ‘Probable atretic cephalocele in an adult female from Punta Secca, Sicily’, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 24.6 (2014), 747–756 [with C. Sulosky Weaver]

2015

168. ‘The western Roman provinces’, in B. E. Borg (ed.), A Companion to Roman Art, Malden, Oxford and Chichester: Wiley Blackwell 2015, 496–530

169. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2013 season’, Mouseion 12 (2012; publ. 2015), 175–230

170. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2013’, Sicilia Antiqua 12 (2015), 129–162

171. ‘On the personification in the Hunt mosaic at the Roman villa of Caddeddi on the Tellaro, Sicily’, Mosaic 42 (2015), 29–41

172. ‘The lady with the hole in her head: a Sicilian mystery, 1400 years ago’, Roman Archaeology Group Magazine (Perth) 10.2 (2015), 6–10

173. ‘Roman Sicily and the sea’, in D. Burgersdijk, R. Calis, J. Kelder, A. Sofroniew, S. Tusa and R. van Beek (eds.), Sicily and the Sea, catalogue for the international exhibition in

Amsterdam, Oxford, Palermo, Copenhagen and Bonn, Amsterdam: WBooks and Allard Pearson Museum 2015, 107–111

174. ‘Sheppard Sunderland Frere’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 28 (2015), 968–973

175. Review of S. Frey-Kupper, Die antiken Fundmünzen vom Monte Iato 1971–1990: Ein Beitrag zur Geldgeschichte Westsiziliens, 2 vols., Éditions du Zèbre: Prahins, 2013, in Journal of Roman Archaeology 28 (2015), 554–558

2016

176. Caddeddi on the Tellaro. A late Roman villa in Sicily and its mosaics, Bulletin Antieke Beschaving Supplement 28, Peeters: Leuven, Paris and Bristol, CT 2016, pp. viii + 200

177. ‘On early thimbles: a seventh-century-AD example from Punta Secca, Sicily, in context’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 35 (2016), 413–432

178. ‘Sheppard Sunderland Frere, 1916–2015’, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the British Academy 15 (2016), 247–276

179. ‘La Sicilia romana e il mare,’ in S. Tusa (ed.), Mirabilia maris: tesori dei mari di Sicilia. Catalogo della mostra, Palermo: Regione Siciliana 2016, 77–83

2017

180. Dining with the dead in early Byzantine Sicily. Excavations at Punta Secca near Ragusa (Eleventh BABESCH Byvanck Lecture), Leiden: BABESCH Foundation 2017, pp. 38

181. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2015 season’, Mouseion 14 (2017), 253–316

182. ‘Sui primi ditali: un esempio del VII sec. d.C. da Punta Secca (RG) e il suo contesto’, in G. G. Mellusi and R. Moscheo (eds.), Ktema eis aei. Studi in memoria di Giacomo Scibona, Messina: Società Messinese di Storia Patria, Messina 2017, 489–514

183. Review of E. Fentress, C. Goodson and M. Maiuro (eds.), Villa Magna: an imperial estate and its legacies. Excavations 2006–2010 (Archaeological Monographs of the British School at Rome 23), London: British School at Rome 2016, in Antiquity 91 (2017), 1676–1677

2018

184. ‘Roman villas in Sicily’, in A, Marzano and G. Métraux (eds.), The Roman Villa in the Mediterranean Basin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2018, 195–219

185. ‘Roman villas in North Africa’, in A, Marzano and G. Métraux (eds.), The Roman Villa in the Mediterranean Basin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2018, 266–307

186. ‘The Indirizzo Roman baths’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 31 (2018), 193–221 [with M. Liuzzo and G. Margani]

187. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2016 season’, Mouseion15 (2018), 219–296

188. ‘Hagios, hagios, hagios: una insolita iscrizione proto-bizantina e il relativo disegno da Punta Secca (RG)’, Sicilia Archeologica  109 (2017 [pub. 2018]), 136–157

189. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2015’, Sicilia Antiqua 15 (2018), 287–314

190. ‘Philippianus e la sua proprietà rurale nella Sicilia tardo romana. Nuovi scavi a Gerace presso Enna’, in O. Belvedere and J. Bergemann (eds.), Römisches Sizilien: Stadt und Land zwischen Monumentalisierung und Ökonomie, Krise und Entwicklung/La Sicilia romana: Città e Territorio tra monumentalizzazione ed economia, crisi e sviluppo/Roman Sicily between Monumentalization and Economy, Crisis and Development, Palermo: Palermo University Press 2019, 165–190

191. ‘Archaeology and earthqukes in late Roman Sicily: unpacking the myth of the terrae motus per totum orbem of AD 365′, in M. A. Bernabò Brea, M. Cultraro, M. Gras, M. C. Martinelli, C. Pouzadoux and U. Spigo (eds.), À Madeleine Cavalier, Collection du Centre Jean Bérard 49, Naples: Centre Jean Bérard 2019, 455–466

192. ‘Philippianus and his rural estate in late Roman Sicily’, Current World Archaeology 89 (June/July 2018), 16–23

193. ‘Selbstdarstellung im römischen Stil: Philippianus und sein Landgut im spätrömischen Sizilien’, Antike Welt 2018.5 (2018), 46–55

194. ‘Gerace update’, Current World Archaeology 92 (December 2018/January 2019), 14–15

195. The Musée de la Romanité’, Current World Archaeology 92 (December 2018/January 2019), 52–55

2019

196. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2017 season’, Mouseion 16 (2019), 249–342

197. ‘Con Philippiano nella tenuta di Gerace’, Archeologia Viva 195 (May/June 2019), 22–39

198. ‘Mosaics at the late Roman estate of Gerace’, Mosaic: Journal of the Association for the Study and Preservation of Roman Mosaics 46 (2019), 17–33

199. ‘Philippianus and his rural estate in late Roman Sicily: recent excavations at Gerace near Enna’, in P. Higgs and D. Booms (eds.), Sicily: Heritage of the World, British Museum Research Publications 222, London: British Museum 2019, 88–101

2020

200. Review of B. Steger, Piazza Armerina. La villa romaine de Casale en Sicile, Paris: Picard 2017, in Bryn Mawr Classical Review March 12th 2020 https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.03.17

201. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2016’, Cronache di Archeologia 38 (2019) [pub. 2020], 299–346

202. ‘A woman with a grave affliction: an archaeological detective story from Punta Secca, Sicily’, Antiqvvs 2.1 (January 2020), 26­–32

203. ‘The baths on the estate of the Philippiani at Gerace, Sicily,’ AJA 124 (2020), 477–510 (with an Appendix by M. Liuzzo), and with on-line image gallery at https://www.ajaonline.org/imagegallery/4143#1

204. ‘Foreword’, in A. Lindhagen, Kale Akte, the Fair Promontory. Settlement, Trade and Productiion on the Nebrodi Coast of Sicily, 500 BC – AD 500 [UBC Studies in the Ancient World 3], Oxford: Oxbow Books 2020, pp. vii–viii

205. ‘Philippianus: a late Roman Sicilian landowner and his use of the monogram’, in A. Gatzke, L. L. Brice and A,. Trundell (eds.), People and Institutions in the Roman Empire. Essays in Memory of Garrett G. Fagan, Leiden and Boston: Brill 2020, 183–229

2021

206. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2018 season’, Mouseion3 17 (2020) [publ. 2021], 95–212

207. ‘The praedia Philippianorum: a late Roman estate at Gerace near Enna’, in C. Prescott, A. Karivieri, P. Campbell, K. Görannsson and S. Tusa (eds.), Trinacria. ‘An Island outside Time’. International Archaeology in Sicily, Oxford: Oxbow Books 2021, 19–32

208. ‘Aspects of identity: Provincia Sicilia during the Roman Empire’, in O. Belvedere and J. Bergemann (eds), Imperium romanum: Romanization between Colonization and Globalization, Palermo: Palermo University Press 2021, 309–332

209. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2017’, Cronache di Archeologia 39 (2020) [publ. 2021], 359–419

210. ‘The late Roman villa of Caddeddi: living in luxury in rural Sicily’, Current World Archaeology 105 (2021), 16–25

211. ‘Pantelleria revealed: the archaeology of Cossyra’. Review article of T. Schäfer, K. Schmidt and M. Osanna (eds.), Cossyra I. Die Ergebnisse der Grabungen auf der Akropolis von Pantelleria/S. Teresa. Der Sakralbereich [Tübinger Archäologische Forschungen 10], 2 vols., pp. 1102, Verlag Marie Liedorf: Rahden 2015, in Mouseion 17.3 (2020) [publ. 2021], 515–545

212. ‘Ancient Sicily in the Mediterranean world: aspects of identity and cultural interaction, 7th century BC to 7th century AD’, in G. Shepherd (ed.), Interaction and Identity. Sicily and South Italy from the Iron Age to Late Antiquity. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology PB 190, series, Nicosia: Astrom Editions 2021, 9–46

2022

213. ‘Using parasite analysis to identify ancient chamber pots: an example of the fifth century CE from Gerace, Sicily, Italy[with S. Rabinow, T. Wang and P. D. Mitchell], Journal of Archaeological Science. Reports https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103349

214. ‘UBC Excavations of the Roman villa at Gerace (EN), Sicily: results of the 2019 season’, Mouseion 18 (2021) [published 2022], 379–534

215. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2018’, Cronache di Archeologia 40 (2021) [published 2022], 309–383

216. ‘‘Very beautiful Narbonne’, pulcherrima . . .Narbo (Martial, Epigram 8.72.4)’, Current World Archaeology 119 (2022), 46–51

217. ‘Memories of Sebastiano Tusa,’ in V. Li Vigni Tusa (ed.), Sebastiano Tusa. Una vita per la cultura, Sassari: Carlo Delfino Editore 2021 [published 2022], 85–86

218. ‘Mogontiacum (Mainz)’, ‘Piazza Armerina’, ‘Vetera (Birten, Germany)’, ‘Colonia Ulpia Traiana (Xanten, Germany)’, ‘Gerace, Sicily’, ‘Caddeddi, Sicily’, in R. S. Bagnall, K. Brodersen, C. B. Champion, A. Erskine and S. R. Huebner (eds), The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Ancient History (revised edition), published on line 15th June 2022

2023

219. ‘Greek and Punic Sicily’, ‘Corsica’ ‘Sicily (Roman)’, ‘Sardinia’, ‘Britain’, Hadrian’s Wall’, and ‘Antonine Wall’, in R. J. A. Talbert, L. Holman and B. Salway (eds.), Atlas of Classical History: Revised Edition, Abingdon and New York: Routledge 2023, pp. 42–43, 108–113 and 134–136

220. ‘A Roman marble base in Valletta (Malta) featuring a personification of Sicilia’, Sicilia Archeologica 113 (2022) [pub. 2023], 249–265

221. ‘Roman Malta: architecture and archaeology’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 36 (2023), 215–226

222. ‘Pulcherrima Narbo’, Antike Welt 3.23, 84–87

223. ‘Wohnen in Luxus in ländlichen Sizilien: die spätrömische Villa von Caddeddi’, Antike Welt 4.23, 75–83

224. ‘Scavi alla villa romana di Gerace (EN): risultati della campagna 2019’, Cronache di Archeologia 41 (2022) [pub. 2023], 219–314 [with appendices by D. Tsimbaliouk, R. Veal, T. Wang, S. Rabinow, P. Mitchell e T. Mukai]

225. ‘A forgotten Roman marble base in the National Museum of Archaeology’, in Malta Archaeological Review 13 (2023), https://doi.org/10.46651/mar.2023.2

2024

226. ‘Sicilia’, in B. Burrell (ed.), A Companion to the Archaeology of the Roman Empire, Hoboken NJ: John Wiley & Sons 2024, 232–256

227. ‘The 10,000-year biocultural history of fallow deer and its implications for conservation policy’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121.8, 2024, e2310051121 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2310051121 [with K. H. Baker, H. Miller, S. Doherty, H. W. I. Gray, J. Daujat, C. Çakırlar, N. Spassov, K. Trantalidou, R. Madgwick, A. L. Lamb, C. Ameen, L. Atici, P. Baker, F. Beglane, H. Benkert, R. Bendrey, A. Binois-Roman, R. F. Carden, A. Curci, B. De Cupere, C. Detry, E. Gál, C. Genies , G. K. Kunst, R. Liddiard, R. Nicholson, S. Perdikaris , J. Peters, F. Pigière, A. G. Pluskowski, P. Sadler, S. Sicard, L. Strid, J. Sudds, R. Symmons, K. Tardio, A. Valenzuela, M. van Veen, S. Vuković, J. Weinstock, B. Wilkens, J. A. Evans, A. R. Hoelzel and N. Sykes]

Awards keyboard_arrow_down

Grants, Honours, Prizes

1971 Charles Oldham Scholar, University of Oxford

1971–73 Thomas Witcombe Greene Scholar in Classical Archaeology, University of Oxford

1983–94 Fellow of Trinity College Dublin

1984– Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries

1987–89 Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung Research Fellow, Archäologisches Institut, University of Bonn

1998 Togo Salmon Visiting Professor of Classics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario

2001–02 Balsdon Senior Research Fellow, British School at Rome

2002 Ian Sanders Memorial Lecturer, University of Sheffield

2007 Charles Eliot Norton Lecturer, Archaeological Institute of America

2012 Getty Research Institute Guest Fellow in Residence, Los Angeles

2013 UBC Killam Prize for Research 2012

2017 Dalrymple Lecturer in Archaeology, University of Glasgow/Glasgow Archaeological Society, Scotland

2017 Byvanck Lecturer in Archaeology, National Museum of Antiquities, Leiden, The Netherlands

2021 Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada

2022 Atlantic Provinces Lecturer, Classical Association of Canada

2023 UBC Emeritus College Award for Excellence in Innovative and Creative Endeavours*

*see

https://emerituscollege.ubc.ca/awards-and-support/ubc-emeritus-college-award-excellence-innovative-and-creative-endeavours/past